Midterm Summer 2017 Flashcards
What are the fields of psychology (make sure to get the main three)? Briefly explain.
- ) Biological: Physiological, structural, and developmental mechanisms of mental disorders
- ) Developmental: Emotional and cognitive changes as they relate to the stafes of life
- ) Cognitive: Study of mental processes
- ) Personality: Measuring of personality traits
- ) Social: Teaching social skills and social competency
- ) Positive Psychology: Study of what motivates people and increases quality of life
What are the five subfields of Applied Psychology? (careers)
CCEOC
- ) Clinical
- ) Counseling
- ) Educational
- ) Industrial-Organizational
- ) Community Psychology
What are the three levels of biopsychosocial analysis?
plus bonus ones if you can remember
Biological, cognitive, social
Different types of research and experimentation (Correlation/causation)
CD
- ) Correlational Research: Quantative method of research to determine if there is a relationship between two similar variables
- ) Descriptive Research: Research used to describe characteristics of populations or phenomenon. Does not answer how/why/when etc.
- ) Experiments: Manipulation of independent variables and its measurement. Gain control of all factors that may influence result
Atkinson Shiffron Model (1968)
Proposed that memory is stored in three ways: short term (working), long term, and sensory.
Effortful Processing is____
Priming is_______
Long term potentiation is_______
Effortful processing is not automatically learned, but something that you have to pay attention to.
Priming is when exposure to a stimulus influences response to later stimulus.
Long term potentiation is strengthening of neuronal connection through patterns.
Define the parts of a neuron: Cell body Dendrites Terminal branches of axon Axon Neural Impulse Myelin Sheath
The Cell body is the cell’s life support center.
Dendrites receive messages from other cells
Terminal branch of axon form junctions with other cells
Axon passes messages from cell body out to other neurons, glands, and cells
Neural Impulse is an electrical signal traveling to the axon; action potential
Myelin Sheath is the covering over the axon and helps speed neural impulse.
What is a synapse/action potential?
A synapse is information passed from one neuron to another. An action potential is the “impulse”, electrical information being carried away from the cell body.
Neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers that relay signals from one neuron to another. Connect to ‘receptors’ in the brain. Imbalances in the way these chemicals communicate proposed to underly many mental health conditions.
Frontal Lobe and motor cortex
Think Phineas Gage
Voluntary movement, learning, personality, higher cognitive functions, executive functions, speaking
Parietal Lobe and somatosensory cortex
Integration of sensory information and understanding of spacial orientation. Somatosensory cortex is the part that receives all of this information (i.e. touch) and prepares it to be processed.
Occipital Lobe
Visual stimuli
Temporal Lobe
Auditory stimuli as well as speach. Information retrieval.
Corpus Callosum
Allows two hemispheres of brain to communicate (crossover effect).
Medulla
Controls autonomic processes. Composes the base of brainstem.
Pons
The “bridge” between thalamus and medulla.
Reticular formation
Connects the two hemispheres of the brain. Enables alertness, Composed of a connection of nerves not a specific location.
Thalamus
The “switchboard” that routes sensory information to cortex. involves all senses except for smell (because your nose connects to your dang brain).
Cerebellum
Motor functions. Coordinates all voluntary movement, nonverbal learning, muscle memory and conditioned physical responses, implicit memory.
Amygdala
Fear and agression. Works with the Hippocampus to create emotionall charged memories.
Hippocampus
Consciousness and episodic memory.
Hypothalamus
Homeostasis and basic bodily drives (body temperature, sex drive, reward center). Located below “hypo” the thalamus. Controls pituitary gland.
Pituitary gland
Hub of the endocrine system and hormone production.
Aristotle
335 BCE, early theories of the mind and denied existence of innate ideas. laid foundations for later psychological thought.
The first psychological lab
1879
Wilhelm Wundt (how did he make psychology more scientific)
1832-1920, helped to make psychology more scientific through carefully measured observations and experiementation.
Titchner (What school of thought was he?)
Student of Wundt, Structuralism; the idea that introspection could be used to construct a map of the mind.
William James (what school of thought was he?)
Functionalism; examined how behavior and thinking styles allowed early man to survive
Mary W. Calkins (Why is she notable?)
Student of James. Studied memory and became first female president of APA.
Margaret Washburn (Why is she notable?)
First female PhD
John B. Watson (What school of thought and what did he study?)
Behaviorist who studied conditioned responses.
B.F. Skinner (What school of thought and what did he study?)
behaviorist who studied consequences of human behavior.
Behaviorism
Field of psychology that studies human behavior. Shuns the value of introspection.
Frued
Psychoanalysist, believed that early life experiences gravely impacted later development.
Maslow and Rogers (What school of thought and what did they study?)
Humanists, studied people that were already thriving rather than people that were ill.
John Locke
Enlightenment philosopher that laid groundwork for early psychological thought. Believed in a “blank slate” .
Charles Darwin
Believed that certain traits survived because of natural selection.
Cell body of a Neuron
Life support center
Dendrites
Receive messages from other cells
Terminal Branch of Axon
forms junctions with other cells
Axon
Sends messages from cells to other parts of the body
Neural Impulse
Electrical signal traveling traveling to axons
Myelin Sheath
covers the neuron and helps make communication faster
1.) Clinical
2.) Counseling
3.) Educational
4.) Industrial-Organizational
5.) Community Psychology
What is this a list of?
Subfields in applied Psychology, applied meaning you actively apply your skills. Careers.
Believed that certain traits survived because of natural selection.
Darwin
Enlightenment philosopher that laid groundwork for early psychological thought. Believed in a “blank slate” .
Locke
Humanists, studied people that were already thriving rather than people that were ill.
Maslow and Rogers
Psychoanalysist, believed that early life experiences gravely impacted later development.
Freud
behaviorist who studied consequences of human behavior.
B.F. Skinner
Behaviorist who studied conditioned responses.
John B. Watson
First female PhD
Margaret Washburn
Studied memory and became first female president of APA.
Calkins
Functionalism; examined how behavior and thinking styles allowed early man to survive
William James
Structuralism; the idea that introspection could be used to construct a map of the mind.
Titchner
helped to make psychology more scientific through carefully measured observations and experiementation.
Wilhelm Wundt
