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Crops 103 Lab > Midterm Study Guides > Flashcards

Midterm Study Guides Flashcards

1
Q

How many GDD would accumulate during a 24-hour period where the low temperature was 60 and the high was 74 for a corn crop? (60 as base temperature)

A

17

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2
Q

What is the formula used to calculate Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

A

(Maximum Temperature + Minimum Temperature)/2 - Base Temperature (usually 60)

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3
Q

Nutrient Deficiency symptom: yellowing along tip and edges, lower leaves

A

Potassium

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4
Q

Nutrient Deficiency Symptom: yellowing starts at tip and moves along midrib

A

Nitrogen

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5
Q

Nutrient Deficiency Symptom: reddish-purple in young leaves

A

Phosphorous

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6
Q

Drought symptoms:

A

rolled leaves: grayish green

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7
Q

Corn Hybrid Improvements

A
  • withstand higher populations
  • more vertical leave angle
  • reduced tassel size
  • close timing silking and pollen shed
  • increased stay green
  • more starch
  • altered root architecture
  • water use efficiency
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8
Q

Current record for bu/a

A

350-355 bu/a

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9
Q

Kinds of corn: starch shrinks and dries, forming dents

A

Dent corn

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10
Q

Kinds of corn: hard starch/kernals that form ornamental ears

A

Flint corn

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11
Q

Kinds of corn: soft starch which makes flour and corn shells

A

Flour corn

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12
Q

Kinds of corn: very hard, resists steam, smaller kernal

A

Popcorn

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13
Q

Kinds of corn: dry and wrinkled, high in sugar

A

Sweet corn

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14
Q

Kinds of corn: dull, starch quality

A

Waxy corn

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15
Q

Kinds of corn: primitive features

A

Pod corn

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16
Q

Types of corn growth stages

A

Vegetative and Reproductive

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17
Q

VE

A

Emergance

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18
Q

V1

A

1st Leaf Collar
Growing point below soil
Tassel and ear shoots initiated
Seed rows set

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19
Q

V3

A

three leaf collars are very obvious

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20
Q

V12-16

A

kernals/ear (size of ear)

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21
Q

VT

A

Tassel (2-3 days before silking)
(pollen lives 24 hrs)
(pollen shed 1-2 wks)

22
Q

R1

A

Silking (coming out of ear - every kernel develops a silk)

23
Q

R2

A

Blister (10-14 dy) white on outside

24
Q

R3

A

Milk (18-22 dy) inner fluid now milky (starch building)

25
Q

R4

A

Dough (24-28 dy) inner fluid now thick/pasty

26
Q

R5

A

Dent (35-42 dy) dented kernels

27
Q

R6

A

Black layer (55-65 dy) dark layer on corn kernel indicates maturity for harvest

28
Q

What can delay seed emergence?

A

soil compaction
cold soil
herbicide injury
fertilizer injury

29
Q

Corn insect: small, bluegreen, pear shape with black tail pipes. Known for sucking sap and speckling on leaves/stems

A

Leaf aphid

30
Q

Corn insect: yellow with black stripes. Known for chewing, plants lodge, destroy silks, poor pollination (attacks roots and silks)

A

Corn rootworm

31
Q

Corn insect: chews edges, ragged leaves

A

Grasshopper

32
Q

Corn insect: off white with grey line down back and two brown spots. Known for tunnels, shot holes in leaves (attacks stem)

A

European corn borer

33
Q

Which growth stage represents the grain filling period in corn?

A

R 1-2

34
Q

Durum Wheat

A

Used for pasta, low gluten

35
Q

White Wheat

A

Used for rolls, tortillas
Hard white winter
Soft white winter

36
Q

Soft Red Wheat

A

Used for pastries, cakes, crackers

Soft Red Winter (light brown with red tints)

37
Q

Hard Red Wheat

A

Used for bread
Hard Red Winter
Hard Red Spring

38
Q

The primary function claimed for bacterial non-protein inoculants used as silage additive is to:

A

increase fermentation rate and efficiency

39
Q

Autotoxicity in alfalfa production is the result of toxins from

A

the alfalfa plant itself

40
Q

Which harvest method for alfalfa has the highest field loss associated with harvesting?

A

field cured hay

41
Q

Aflatoxins in corn can affect livestock by causing

A

liver damage

42
Q

The odorless, colorless, heavy poisonous gas that can develop as a layer on the surface during filling of upright silos and causes lung damage is

A

Nitrogen dioxide

43
Q

An indeterminate growth habit soybean ________.

A

continues to flower and grow vegetatively simultaneously

44
Q

A higher number for the ADF and NDF forage test scores result in a ___________ RFV score and _________ quality.

A

lower, lower

45
Q

Which statement represents the best quality corn silage?

  1. silage “cut” should be 1 to 1 1/2 inches
  2. harvest silage at the milk stage of corn kernels so yield is highest
  3. corn grain content contributes at least 50% of the energy
  4. silage in a bunker will pack best at 40-45% moisture
A
  1. corn grain content contributes at least 50% of the energy
46
Q

What percentage of the flowers that develop on soybean plants can be expected to abort or fail to form pods?

A

60-75%

47
Q

Which factor has the greatest influence on flower initiation in soybean?

A

temperature

48
Q

Which fatty acid is considered the most desirable by the foot industry for cooking foods?

A

oleic (unsaturated)

49
Q

List all oilseed crops:

A

flax
safflower
canola
sunflower

50
Q

List all pulse crops:

A

dry pea
lentil
chickpea

51
Q

Corn growth peaks at _____.

A

86 degrees Fahrenheit

Crops 103 Lab (1 decks)

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