Midterm Study Guide (ch 1-5) Flashcards
Which of the following accurately describes the five-component framework of information systems?
computer hardware, software, data, procedures, and people
A manager will essentially require ________ skills to clearly understand how the resources that his or her company uses are converted to desired outputs.
systems thinking
Which of the following types of skills is most likely be outsourced to the lowest bidder?
accounting skills
Which of the following best defines Management Information Systems (MIS)?
The management and use of information systems to help organizations achieve their goals and objectives.
Automation moves work from people to machines. However, it can also _________________ the complexity of the system and require more time for change.
Increase
Data by itself is information.
True
Characteristics of good information include: It must be accurate, timely, relevant, sufficient, and?
Worth the cost
The most important component in the five-component model is?
People
The ability to make and manipulate models is called?
Abstract Reasoning
A new computer class forms roughly each decade is a statement of?
Bell’s Law
when technology takes a big leap (accelerates) - *“The number of transistors per square inch on an integrated chip doubles every 18 months.”
Moore’s law (popular)
Explain to someone why this class is important to us?
have an idea of how this stuff works and how to manage it in business, technology is fundamentally changing business, information age, digital revolution
Most important course in business school because:
1.Gives background needed to assess, evaluate, and apply emerging information systems technology to business
2.Gives marketable skills by helping you learn abstraction, systems thinking, collaboration, and experimentation
3.Makes you aware of well-paying, high demand M I S - related jobs
What happens if you take people out of a business and put a computer in?
process becomes more complex
Two or more people working together to achieve a common goal, result, or work product
Collaboration
Ability to model system components, connect inputs and outputs among components to reflect structure and dynamics
Systems thinking
Make reasoned analysis of an opportunity; develop and evaluate possible solutions
Ability to experiment
Is data and information the same?
no, data is facts, information is knowledge derived from data
Characteristics of Data: Information got to be_____, without it it doesn’t matter, needs to be____,____ to subject and context,____, __ ____ ____
accurate
timely
relevant
sufficient
Worth the cost
Management and use of information systems that help organizations achieve their strategies
MIS (management information systems)
Assembly of hardware, software, data, procedures, and people that produces information
Information system (IS)
Message: Develop strong nonroutine cognitive skills
.
*Fear of failure paralyzes many good people and ideas
.
High level of tech skills demanded by employers and low level of tech skills held by employees
Technology Skills Gap
–Management: Develop, maintain, and adapt
▪Creating an IS that meets your needs requires an active role in the system’s development
–Use: Employ the system to accomplish your job tasks
▪For example: job task for backing up data
*Management and use
I S = I T + Procedures + People
.
*Business professionals need to:
–Take an active role to ensure systems meet their needs
–Understand how I S constructed
–Consider users’ needs during development
–Learn how to use I S
–Remember ancillary requirements (security, backups)
*Avoid common mistake
Cannot buy an I S
The 5 forces model to determine industry structure includes: bargaining power of customers, bargaining power of suppliers, threats of new entrants, rivalry among existing firms and?
Threat of substitution
The amount of money a customer is willing to pay for a product or service is called?
Value
The difference between the value of a product or service and its associated cost is called?
Margin or Profit Margin
The primary activity associated with labeling and shipping products is called?
Outbound Logistics
Three main ways to improve a product or service position in the marketplace include: Create a new product or service, enhance the existing product or service, and?
Differentiate the product or service in the marketplace
When you view a “swim lane” chart to understand the flow of information across a company, you are looking at what type of model?
BPM-Business Process Model
Another name for improving the position of a product or service in the marketplace is to?
Gain Competitive Advantage
What is the strategy called when organizations “lock” customers in by making it difficult or expensive to switch to other products?
Establishing high switching costs
If you make it harder or more expensive for a competitor to operate in your marketplace, it is called raising?
Barriers to entry
What do you need to accomplish to differentiate your product or service from the competition?
Make some type of improvement in the product or service, decrease cost, improve transportation, etc.
when your product/service differentiates your service/product from everyone else in the market
competitive advantage
5 forces determine industry structure
*Bargaining power of customers
*Threat of substitutions
*Bargaining power of suppliers
*Threat of new entrants
*Rivalry
Profit = revenue - cost
.
incoming of raw materials to make and use for products
Inbound logistics
Putting stuff together
Operations
transporting finished goods
Outbound logistics
telling people to buy your stuff
Marketing
In ________, statistical techniques can identify groups of entities that have similar characteristics.
cluster analysis
In ________, data miners develop a model prior to the analysis and apply statistical techniques to data to estimate parameters of the model.
supervised data mining
In large organizations, a group of people manage and run a(n) ________, which is a facility for managing an organization’s BI data.
data warehouse
In marketing transactions, the fact that customers who buy product X also buy product Y creates a ________ opportunity. That is, “If they’re buying X, sell them Y” or “If they’re buying Y, sell them X.”
cross-selling
Push publishing delivers business intelligence ________.
according to a schedule or as a result of an event or particular data condition
RFM analysis is used to analyze and rank customers according to their ________.
purchasing patterns
________ is defined as information containing patterns, relationships, and trends of various forms of data.
Business intelligence
address the needs of a particular department or functional area of a business.
Data marts
Analysts do not create a model or hypothesis before running the analysis.
unsupervised data mining
Functions of a data warehouse
–Obtain data
–Cleanse data
–Organize and relate data
–Catalog data
flow chart laid on top of business chart, BPM process
Swim lane chart
How recently (R ) a customer has ordered
How frequently (F) a customer ordered
How much money (M) the customer has spent
R(recently)F(frequently)M(how much money)
is a technique readily implemented with basic reporting operations that is used to analyze and rank customers according to their purchasing patterns.
RFM analysis
petabyte and larger
Huge volume
- generated rapidly
*Rapid velocity
–Structured data, free-form text, log files, graphics, audio, and video
*Great variety
–Creates value from intellectual capital and shares knowledge with those who need that capital
*Knowledge Management (K M)
*Goal: Enable employees to use organization’s collective knowledge
.
—ability of a machine to simulate human abilities such as vision, communication, recognition, learning, and decision making in order to achieve a goal
Artificial intelligence (A I)
which is focused on completing a single specific task
*Weak A I
capable of intelligence more advanced than human intelligence
*Superintelligence
–Computer systems adapt and create their own software without human assistance.
*Singularity
Looking at patterns. Relationships, and trend
business intelligence
Every computer contains a component that is considered the “Brain” of the machine. It is within this component that instructions are processed. The name of this component is?
CPU - Central Processing Unit
All computers include storage hardware which is used to to save data and programs. 21st century computers use a storage media that is faster than previous media because it stores information using nonvolatile electronic circuits. What is the name of the storage media commonly found in computers today?
SSD - Solid State Disks
What is the name of the binary digit which can either be “on” or “off” that is the building block for all computer information?
BIT
The name of a disruptive force (technology) that has the power to change both our personal and professional lives is? It involves the idea that objects are becoming connected to the Internet and to each other around the globe.
IoT - Internet of Things
Computer components are said to be “volatile” if they loose their contents when the power is shut off.
True
is the altering of reality by overlaying digital information on real-world objects.
AR - Augmented Reality
Cryptocurrencies are considered a potential disruptive force in today’s economy.
true
The computer program that controls all of the computers resources is called?
OS - Operating System
Software that performs a service or function is called?
Application software
When you commonly purchase software, you are not actually buying it. Instead, you are buying a license to use that program. If a company elects to provide specific software for all of their employees, they may elect to purchase a?
Site License
hard drive, SSD, thumb drives, CD/DVD
Non-volatile
cache and main memory inside computer
Volatile
All devices have a battery built in them
.
Batteries are non-volatile
.
completely computer-generated virtual world with interactive digital objects.
VR
a machine allowing the creation of a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model, typically by laying down many thin layers of a material in succession.
3D Printer
Use cryptographic protections to manage and record secure transactions
Cryptocurrencies
right to use specified number of copies
License
no license fee
Open Source
special software installed on read-only memory (ROM)
Firmware
______ is the standard language for inserting, updating, and deleting data in a database.
SQL
Phone number, email address, first and last name, are all examples of ___________ because they describe the characteristics of an entity.
Attributes
In the following image, the VEND_CODE in the PRODUCT table represents a(n) __________ because it creates the logical connection between the two tables.
Foreign key
Every table in a normalized database has ________.
Single theme
Albert creates a relational database to store employee performance statistics. He stores each employee’s data in independent rows and creates a column named “Employee Number” to assign unique numbers to each employee. This column is referred to as a(n) ________.
Primary key
A data integrity problem will occur only if ________.
Data are duplicated in a database
A(n) ________ is a program used to create, process, and administer a database.
database management system
Brad, a project manager, wants to build a database to integrate information about employees and tasks that they handle. Brad wants to track information such as task name, productivity of an employee on a daily basis, and employee name. These aspects that Brad wants to track are called ________.
Entities
________ refers to data collections that are characterized by huge volume, rapid velocity, and great variety.
BigData
________ are the final judges as to what data the database should contain and how the records in that database should be related to one another.
Users
is a concept and process that ensures the accuracy, completeness, consistency, and validity of an organization’s data.
Data integrity
software program
DBMS
built on data management platforms and include a range of components and processes that work together to help you extract value from your data
DMS
data about data
Metadata
Components of a Database
- Data (Tables or Files)
- Metadata
- Relationships between the data
4 record in a database (DBMS process operations)
- Read
- Insert
- Modify
- Delete
is the standard language for inserting, updating, and deleting data in a database
SQL (structured Query language)
Converting poorly structured tables into two or more well-structured tables
normalization
three characteristicsof big data:
volume, variety, velocity.
is a column or group of columns that identifies a unique row in a table.
primary key
refers to the primary key of a different (foreign) table.
foreign key
