Midterm Study Guide Cards Flashcards
Developmental disabilities is the term used throughout Ontario to describe certain __________
conditions
What is the personal meaning of developmental disabilities?
It relates to the individual’s profile of abilities (strengths and needs).
The term developmental disability is really used by others to describe someone
What is the literal meaning of developmental disabilities?
Designated specific people or populations are given the label. It refers to the ‘semantic’ meaning of the term, the specific characteristics
What is the social meaning of developmental disabilities?
Personal and literal meaning contribute to understanding in the large context, but social meaning refers to a broader social perception and meaning.
Meaning is affected by the society’s tolerance, acceptance, and understanding of functioning
What is the critical disability meaning of developmental disabilities?
“Wrongly” focused upon limitations and shortcomings
What is the American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) definition?
Intellectual disability is characterized by signifigant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behaviour as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills.
This disability originates before the age of 18
Within the AAIDD definition, limitations in present functioning must be considered, within the context of _________, _________ typical of the individual’s _______, _______, and ________
community, environments; age, peers, cultures
Valid assessment considers _________ and __________ diversity as well as differences in communication, sensory, motor, and behavioural factors
cultural; linguistic
Within an individual, limitations often coexist with _________
strengths
An important purpose of describing limitations is to develop a ________ ___ _______ supported
profile of needs
With appropriate personalized supports over a sustained period, the life functioning of the person with the intellectual disability generally will _______
improve
What are the 4 specifiers used in the DSM-5 intellectual disability diagnosis?
Mild, moderate, severe, and profound
The specifier signifies that it is a ____________
DSM-5 Diagnosis
What is the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)?
The ICF is a classification of health and health-related domains. As the functioning and disability of an individual occurs in a context, the ICF also includes a list of environmental factors
Utilization of the ICF recognizes that an individual’s functioning is the result of a complex interaction between the ____________ and ______________ and the dynamic, bi-directional interaction among the components of the model
health condition; contextual factors
What are the underlying factors of the ICF (Hint: there are 4)
Universality, parity, neutrality, and environmental factors
Explain universality as an underlying factor of the ICF
A classification of functioning and disability should be applicable to all people irrespective of health condition. it should not become a tool for labeling persons with disabilities as a separate group.
Explain parity as an underlying factor of the ICF
There should not be, explicitly or implicitly, a distinction between different health conditions as ‘mental’ and ‘physical’ that affect the structure of content of a classification of functioning and disability, that is, disability must not differentiated by etiology.
Explain neutrality as an underlying factor of the ICF
Wherever possible, domain names should be worded in neutral language so that the classification can express both positive and negative aspects of each aspect of functioning and disability.
Explain environmental factors as an underlying factor of the ICF
In order to complete the social model of disability, ICF includes Contextual Factors, in which environmental factors are listed. These factors range from physical factors such as climate and terrain, to social attitudes, institutions, and laws.
As a component of the ICF, what are body functions?
Physiological functions of body systems (including psychological functions)
As a component of the ICF, what are body structures?
Anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs, and their components
As a component of the ICF, what are impairments?
Problems in body function or structure such as a significant deviation or loss
As a component of the ICF, what is activity?
The execution of a task or action by an individual
As a component of the ICF, what is participation?
Involvement in a life situation
As a component of the ICF, what are activity limitations?
Difficulties an individual may have in executing activities
As a component of the ICF, what are participation restrictions
Problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations
As a component of the ICF, what are environmental factors?
The physical, social, and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives
What is the ICF for children and youth (ICF-CY)?
A WHO approved “derived” classification based on the ICF.
As a derived classification, it includes further detailed information on the application of the ICF when documenting the relevant aspects of functioning and health in children and youth
What are cons to disability terms?
May lead to isolating and segregating individuals from others, denying personal freedoms, human rights, and preventing procreations, and stereotypes
What are pros to disability terms?
They help to assist and identify people with special needs, can protect the rights and needs of these groups, and are the common basis for understanding.
As well, classification helps to broaden understanding, advocacy and self-advocacy, and focuses attention and identifies specific sets of issues
