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Marine Biology > Midterm Study Guide > Flashcards

Midterm Study Guide Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

How many ocean basins?

A 
5
Atlantic 
Indian
Pacific
Arctic
Southern
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2
Q

Which ocean basin is largest and smallest?

A

Pacific is largest

Arctic is smallest

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3
Q

How much is the earth covered by water

A

70%-71%

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4
Q

What are the layers of the earth

A

Inner core
Outer core
Mantle
Crust

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5
Q

Plate tectonics

A

The movement of plates on the earths crust

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6
Q

Continental drift

A

Movement of continental plates

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7
Q

Forces that drive continental movement

A

Magma moved b convection currents

Mid ocean ridges that form along cracks where magma breaks through

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8
Q

What are continental plates made of?

A

Granite

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9
Q

What are oceanic plates made of

A

Basalt

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10
Q

Ocean ridges

A

Where new sea floor is produced

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11
Q

Ocean trenches

A

Where old sea floor is removed

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12
Q

Plate tectonic implications

A

Pacific Ocean getting smaller

Atlantic is getting bigger

My. Everest is moving north

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13
Q

Pangaea

A

A super continent that separated due to plate movement

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14
Q

Laurasia

A

Northern Pangaea

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15
Q

Gondwana

A

Southern Pangaea

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16
Q

Evidence for continental drift

A

Fit of continental boundaries &a fossils

Earthquakes

Sea floor temperature highest near ridges

Age of crust (determined by ocean bottom drill samples) increases with distance from ridge

Magnetic orientation of the rock

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17
Q

Subduction zone

A

Old crust sinks into mantle where it is recycled

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18
Q

What is the ring of fire

A

A string of underwater volcanoes and earthquakes around the edges of the Pacific Ocean

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19
Q

What plates are important to us

A

North American plate

Pacific plate

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20
Q

January 1700 Japan tsunami evidence

A

Tree rings and salt water killing those trees

Historicle records in Japan

Creature fossils

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21
Q

Continental shelf

A

Part of continental land mass but still under water

Very diverse biologically, important for fisheries

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22
Q

Continental slope

Study These Flashcards
A

3,000 to 5,0000 meter slope between continental land mass and deep ocean basins

23
Q

Continental rise

Study These Flashcards
A

Point where sediment from continent accumulates

24
Q

Abyssal plains

Study These Flashcards
A

Flat sediment covered areas

25
Oceanic ridge/rise
Rift sea floor spreading (molten material rises)
26
Trenches
Depths more than 6,000 meters Mariana Trench is 11,033 meters deep
27
Island
Volcanic mountains that rise above the water
28
Sea mounts
Volcanic mountain still under water
29
Guyots
Flat topped seamounts
30
Seas
Smaller that oceans and partially enclosed by land
31
Rift community Or deep sea vent community
They live off specialized environments found at divergence zones of the Ocean floor Primary producers are chemosynthetic bacteria
32
How does ocean affect the weather
Absorbs much of the solar radiation that reaches earth It dominates the earth's carbon cycle. Half of carbon productivity on earth happens in the sunlit layers of the ocean It absorbs roughly half of all the carbon dioxide added to atmosphere Changes in circulation patterns have had large changes on climate in the last 50,000 years
33
Basic water chemistry
Polar molecule made of 1 oxygen and 2 hydrogen molecule with polar covalent bond Electrons shared unequally so oxygen has small partial negative charge while the two hydrogens have small positive charge Weak hydrogen bonds will form between water molecules which is responsible for the properties of water
34
What are the important properties of water
Water sticks together (adhesion/ cohesion) Water helps moderate temperature change Water floats as a solid aka ice Water is a good solvent
35
What dissolves in water
``` Chloride Sodium Sulfate Magnesium Calcium Potassium Bicarbonate Bromide Borate Strontium Fluoride ```
36
How is salinity measured
parts per thousand (ppt)
37
Pycnocline
The change in density with depth
38
Thermocline
The change in temperature with depth
39
Halocline
The change in salinity with depth
40
What creates surface currents and upwelling
Winds
41
Coriolis effect
The rotation of the earth causes storms in the north to swirl counterclockwise and southern storms clockwise. Circulates air to right in north Circulates air to left in south
42
Thermohaline circulation
Deep ocean currents created by surface heat and freshwater
43
What creates tides
The gravitational pull of the sun and moon combined with earths rotation
44
Neap tide
sun and moon at right angles (quarter phase moon) to create moderate tides
45
Spring tides
Sun and moon and earth aligned to create very high, high tides and very low, low tides.
46
Diurnal tide
Only experience one high and one low tide a day (least likely tide)
47
Semidiurnal tide
The two high and low tides are equal height with each other
48
Mixed semidiurnal tide
Two highs and two lows that differ in height. This is us!
49
Why does times of tides shift
The lunar day is 24 hours and 50 minutes
50
Ekman spiral
The deeper the water the slower it rotates
51
Benthic region
Bottom including the... bathyal-200-4000m abyssal-4,000-6,000m hadale-below 6,000m
52
Phylogeny
Organisms ancestral history. Reconstruct species history with fossils, comparative anatomy, physiology, molecular biology, genomes, and biogeography
53
Taxonomy
Classified based on interrelationships Branching diagrams representing hypotheses of evolution. Scientist change classification when new information is learned
54
Some body characteristics to group animals
Radial symmetry or bilateral symmetry (Sea anemones or lobsters) Acoelomate- no body cavity Pseudocoelomate Coelomate- true body cavity

Marine Biology (1 decks)

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