Midterm Study Guide Flashcards
Deterrence
The action of discouraging an action or event through instilling doubt or fear of the consequences.
EX: Walter Sobchak pulls a gun on Smokey in order to preserve the status quo of
having it marked as zero and not eight in the bowling game.
Alliances
Union or association for mutual benefit between states, groups, or people
EX: U.S. & Japan = Bilateral Alliance U.S & South Korea= Asymmetrical Alliance North Atlantic Treaty Organization = Multilateral Alliances Axis Powers (WW2)= Offensive Alliance U.S. & South Korea= Defensive Alliance (for deterrence against N. Korea)
Bargaining range
Resolution that doesn’t include war, less costly
Compellence
An effort to change the status quo through the threat of force
EX: John F. Kennedy ordered a blockade of Cuba in response to the discovery that Soviet missiles were being installed on the island. Put pressure on Soviet Union to remove them or nuclear war is a possibility.
Resolve
Firm determination to do something EX: North Korea is determined to keep their nuclear weapons.
State capabilities
Affects the cost of war since State with more resources is stronger making other State incur more cost. More capable state = larger cost of war EX: Estonia VS Russia = Russia Wins
Preemptive war
A war fought with the anticipation that an attack by the other side is imminent.
EX: Arab-Israeli War→ Israel was aware that Egypt and Syria where about to invade Or Japan attacks US> Pearl Harbor
Preventive war
A war fought with the intention of preventing an adversary from becoming stronger in the future. Preventive wars arise because states whose power is increasing and cannot commit to not exploit the power in future bargaining interactions
EX: Iraq War in 2003 on the grounds that Saddam Hussein’s regime continued to work on developing weapons of mass destruction
Credible threat
Is a threat that the recipient (target) believes will be carried out.
EX: In the case that Russia threatens the U.S. to use Nuclear Weapons, that is a credible claim as we know they have the means to do it.
Tying hands
State’s send credible threats that would make backing down difficult
EX: After President Bush gave Iraq’s dictator, Saddam Hussein, an ultimatum to leave Iraq or war will be issued he could not back down from his threat as he would seem weak and lose credibility as a strong leader .
Cost of war
Human lives, Economic, Material, psychological, and International reputation costs
Pluralistic interest expectation
How power and influence are distributed in political process within multitude of progress
EX: labor unions and employers share in meeting the needs of employees
Rally round the flag effect
The short-run approval from the public/ support of a world leader during an international crisis→ popularity
EX: U.S. President
Interactions
The way 2 or more actors interact for political outcome.
Democratic peace
“Theory of Peace” where democracies are hesitant to engage in armed conflict with other identified democracies
EX: No examples of war because they don’t go to war
Institutions
Sets of rules followed by organizations/ States mutually.
Collective Security Organization
“Collective defense” which is a coalition of nations which agree to defend its own group against outside attacks.
EX: NATO & Warsaw Pact
Bargaining
Negotiate the terms and conditions of a transaction. Actors choose a decision that benefits their side→ The model assumes that war is the undesired outcome for both actors, and only under the correct conditions will war occur.
