Midterm Study Guide Flashcards
What are the 7 elements of art?
line, shape, space, value, form, texture, and color
What are the 7 principles of design?
balance, gradation, repetition, contrast, harmony, dominance, unity
What are the 3 elements of a color?
hue, value, chroma
What is a tint of a color? Shade?
tint- change in hue by adding white
shade- change in hue by adding black
What is value?
different intensities of a color
What is space?
area between and around objects
What is texture?
surface quality that can be seen or felt
What is shape?
a closed line
What are primary, secondary, and tertiary colors?
primary- cannot be produces by mixing other colors together
secondary- can be produced by mixing primary colors together
tertiary- produced by mixing a primary and a secondary
What are analogous colors?
colors next to each other on the color wheel
What are aesthetics?
a set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty
What is geological weathering?
Weathering is the breakdown of rocks at the Earth’s surface, by the action of rainwater, extremes of temperature, and biological activity
What rock makes up clay?
silica
What are clay particle referred to as?
platlets
Where did the original potters work near?
rivers and streams
How is clay found?
mined like iron and coal
What is the basic formula of clay?
alumina, silica, water
What are the three basic hand building methods?
pinch pot, coil, slab
What is wedging? What do you wedge?
process of getting air bubbled out of clay
What is the purpose of grog?
reduces shrinkage and aids drying
What is plasticity? How can you test plasticity?
how flexible a clay or clay body is. make clay into a coil and wrap it around your finger
What are four properties you should know about all clay you work with?
plasticity, shrinkage, texture, and moisture
What is traditional pottery?
Pottery that has been formed by hand, painted with natural pigments, and fired with an organic fuel
What are the names for the different moisture levels of clay from most liquid to most dry?
slip, plastic, leather-hard, bone dry, bisqueware, earthenware, stoneware
What is the term for unfired clay?
greenware/bone dry
What is the term for clay after its first firing?
bisqueware
What is ware?
pottery
What is porosity?
tiny pores in the clay to allow the escape of water during drying and firing
What does it mean to vitrify?
become glass-like
What does it mean to become refractory?
difficult to work or melt
What is earthenware clay? Firing temp?
second fire-low fire
What is stoneware clay? Firing temp?
second fire-high fire
What clay is good for beginners to use?
earthenware
When is a good time to apply two pieces of clay?
when the clay is plastic
How do you keep clay from drying too quickly?
wrap clay in plastic while not working with it
How much of Earth’s surface is clay or clay forming material?
75%
What is organic matter?
matter composed of organic compounds that has come from the remains of organisms such as plants and animals and their waste products in the environment
What are the 3 properties that set clay apart from sand or dirt?
plasticity, porosity, and vitrify
How do you properly attach 2 pieces of clay?
slip and score
What do you use a potters needle tool for?
carving, cutting, scoring
What do you use a fettling knife for?
cut, carve, score
What do you use a modeling tool for?
smooth, shape, scrape
What do you use a wire clay cutter for?
to cut clay off of larger pieces
What do you use a loop tool for?
to trim and remove any excess clay
What is impressing?
pressing a tool into the clay surface to make a design
What is incising?
cutting into the surface of clay
What is a pierced design?
design that goes all the way through
What is applique?
applying one piece of clay onto another
What is sprigging?
decorate with small, separately molded designs.
What can you do during slab forming to create interesting textures?
impress on a design or applique
What is burnishing?
making the surface smooth by rubbing
What is a Saggar?
A protective fireclay box enclosing ceramic ware while it is being fired
What is kiln wash?
a sacrificial layer of material between pot and kiln shelves; prevents glaze from sticking to shelves.
What is kiln furniture?
the shelves and posts used to support ware inside the kiln
What are the uses for the pyrometric cones?
pyrometric devices that are used to gauge heatwork during the firing of ceramic materials; often used in sets of three; positioned in a kiln with the wares to be fired; provide a visual indication of when the wares have reached a required state of maturity, a combination of time and temperature
What are the terms for these pyrometric cones?
Seger cones
What is bloating?
a firing defect in which blisters form within a clay body, causing large lumps on the surface
What is vitrification?
becoming glass like
