midterm study guide

Question 1

Schramm’s Process Model of Communication

Answer 1

encoding (speaker), decoder (receiver), feedback, channels, interference

Question 2

public speaking

Answer 2

speaking to a group of people in a structured, deliberate manner that is intended to inform, persuade, or entertain the listeners

Question 3

ethical communication

Answer 3

fosters truthfulness, fairness, responsibility, and personal integrity and respect for self and others

Question 4

transactional

Answer 4

back and forth negotiation of meaning

Question 5

audience centeredness

Answer 5

planning your speech so that is relates to your audience

Question 6

personification

Answer 6

attribution of human characteristics to non-living things

Question 7

thesis

Answer 7

key concept of your speech (main idea)

Question 8

internal summary

Answer 8

a transitional device that gives a thorough recap of the main point before moving on to another idea

Question 9

informative speech

Answer 9

describes or defines a place, thing, concept, or idea

Question 10

frame of reference

Answer 10

our personal set of interlocking facts, ideas, beliefs, and attitudes that we use to filter what we hear and then make sense of it, if we allow it to register in our brain

Question 11

stimulus

Answer 11

incites your senses to their functional activity

Question 12

persuasive speaking

Answer 12

call to action

Question 13

impromptu speaking

Answer 13

speaking “off the cuff” casual and delivered with little or no time for preparation

Question 14

extemporaneous speaking

Answer 14

prepared and practiced (most effective)

Question 15

rhetorical question

Answer 15

a question the speaker does not expect the audience to answer

Question 16

statistics

Answer 16

numerical way of organizing info or facts

Question 17

parts of a speech

Answer 17

attention getter, thesis, preview points, etc.

Question 18

why use support materials?

Answer 18

help clarify ideas, hold audience’s attention, and helps develop and illustrate ideas

Question 19

organizational patterns

Answer 19

casual - relationship between cause and effect

Question 20

chronological

Answer 20

organized based on time, sequence, or steps

Question 21

problem-solution

Answer 21

establishes a problem or dilemma and then offers an answer/fix

Question 22

topical

Answer 22

divides the thesis into subtopics or categories

Question 23

spatial pattern

Answer 23

arranges information based on physical space, direction, or location

Question 24

evaluating quality of info

Answer 24

relevant, current, representative, sufficient, and credible

Question 25

major categories of support materials

Answer 25

examples, explanation, statistics, testimony, definition

Question 26

types of speeches

Answer 26

informative, persuasive, commemorative, impromptu

Question 27

active listening

Answer 27

where you “will yourself” to pay attention

Question 28

listening process

Answer 28

sensing (receiving info through 5 senses), attending (focusing on stimuli), understanding (evaluation of what you choose to attend to), remembering (recalling by effort of memorization), responding (observable feedback)

Question 29

demographic audience analysis

Answer 29

a technique used to draw inferences about your audience based on categories of info you have available. typical categories are age, gender, sex ethincity

Question 30

expert testimony

Answer 30

is a quotation or paraphrase of a statement by and acknowledged authority in their field

Question 31

jargon

Answer 31

technical language of a group of people

Question 32

colloquialism

Answer 32

appropriate for everyday language but not for formal speaking or writing

Question 33

antithesis

Answer 33

use of words or phrases that contradict one another

Question 34

personification

Answer 34

attribution of human characteristics to nonliving objects

Question 35

connotation

Answer 35

the emotional overtones that an individual associates with a word

Question 36

common ground

Answer 36

when you identify with your audience by showing that you share experiences, beliefs, and or values that are similar to theirs

Question 37

writing for the ear

Answer 37

use personal words, repetition and concrete words. AVOID long complex sentences

Question 38

delivery

Answer 38

vehicle the speaker uses to transmit ideas to listeners (verbal and nonverbal)

Question 39

paraphrasing

Answer 39

restatement, rewording or summary in your own words of what someone said

Question 40

audience analysis

Answer 40

focus groups are a type

Question 41

transactional

Answer 41

back and forth negation of meaning

Question 42

community

Answer 42

common background with shared interest