midterm study guide Flashcards
in the shen nong ben cao (神农本草) , what three groups are the herbs divided into?
superior
intermediate
inferior
what two theoretical principles arise from huang di nei jing (黄帝内经）？
yin / yang
5 phases
what is the primary disease factor in the shang han za ben lun?
COLD
in the wen bing xue, what is the primary disease factor?
HEAT
in the wen bing xue, what are the four levels of disease?
wei
qi
ying
xue
who wrote the shang han lun?
Zhang Zhongjing
what are the 5 tastes 五味 plus more than just 5 ….
acrid sweet bitter sour salty bland aromatic astringent
acrid (xin) 辛 … what does it do?
disperse and move
sweet (gan) (甘） … what does it do?
tonify and harmonize
bitter (ku) (苦）…what does it do?
drain and dry
sour (suan) (酸）… what does it do?
astringent and prevents abnormal leakage of fluid and energy
salty (xian) (鹹) … what does it do?
purge and soften
bland (dan) (淡) …what does it do?
leach out dampness
aromatic (xiang) (香）
ability to penetrate through turbidity and revive a particular function
astringent (se) 涩
has the ability to prevent the leakage of fluids
is neutral taste or temperature?
temperature
is bland taste or temperature?
taste
acrid
xin (辛）
sweet
gan (甘）
bitter
ku (苦）
sour
suan 酸
salty
xian 咸
bland
dan （淡）
aromatic
xiang 香
astringent
se 涩
what is the flavor combination to increase yang?
sweet and acrid
what is the flavor combination to increase yin?
sweet and sour
sourness enters the?
liver
acridity enters the?
lungs
bitterness enters the?
heart
saltiness enters the?
kidneys
sweetness enters the?
spleen
what are the 8 parameters (八纲）
八纲
bāgāng
yin and yang (陰陽),
exterior and interior (表裡),
cold and heat (寒熱),
deficiency and excess (虛實)
what are the tai yang channels?
hand tai yang: SI
foot tai yang: UB
what are the shao yang channels?
hand shao yang: SJ
foot shao yang: GB
what are the yang ming channels?
hand yang ming: LI
foot yang ming: ST
what are the tai yin channels?
hand tai yin: LU
foot tai yin: SP
what are the shao yin channels?
hand shao yin: HT
foot shao yin: KD
what are the jue yin channels?
hand jue yin: PC
foot jue yin: LV
what are the six yang channels?
SI, UB, SJ, GB, LI, ST
what are the six yin channels?
LU, SP, HT, KD, PC, LV
what are the three yin channels in the hand?
LU, HT, PC
what are the three yin channels in the foot?
SP, KD, LV
what are the three yang channels in the hand?
SI, SJ, LI
what are the three yang channels in the foot?
UB, GB, ST
what are the four levels of composition of formulas?
chief
deputy
assistant
envoy
deep frying herbs … what is it used for and why is salt sometimes used? why char?
char to stop bleeding
add salt to direct downward to kidneys
browning dries the herbs for storing and helps with SP and ST
dry frying with liquids …. what’s that all about
honey, vinegar, wine, ginger juice
honey: increased tonifying ability
vinegar: astringent and detox
wine: clear blockages, expel wind, alleviate pain
ginger juice: nice on the stomach, maybe stops vomiting
calcining herbs … what’s that all about?
cook directly in flame! used for minerals and shells, in order to make them brittle and easy to pulverize
order from strongest to weakest …. pills, granules, decoction
decoction STRONGEST
granules in the middle
pills WEAKEST
when do we cook for longer or shorter periods of time?
minerals and toxic herbs cook longer …. light herbs and herbs with volatile oils cook for a shorter amount of time
what types of herbs are decocted first?
toxic herbs, minerals and shells
what types of herbs are decocted last?
aromatic herbs, dahuang to have a strong purgative effect
what herbs need to be bagged in gauze?
cilia , seeds , powder
what type of substances are decocted separately ?
rare and expensive substances, like ginseng and cocaine
what type of substances are dissolved in a strained decoction?
expensive , aromatic herbs and precious horns .. these are powdered or shaved, taken first, and then you drink the decoction … this is especially true with unicorn horns and dragon bones, as well as pegasus wing bones
what is the difference between pharmokinetic interaction and pharmodynamic reaction?
pharmokinetic interaction can change absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination …
pharmodynamic reaction alters the way a drug/herb effects the tissue/organ/body
herbs that release the exterior are broken down into what 2 categories?
wind cold and wind heat
what are the most common EPF treated with release the exterior herbs?
wind
cold
heat
summerheat
tai yang is the least superficial of the six channels (T/F)
false!
lung is the most superficial zang organ (T/F)
true
what is the most superficial channel and the most superficial zang organ?
tai yang
lung
tai yang excess and wind cold excess are the same (T/F)
true
tai yang deficiency and wind cold deficiency are the same (T/F)
true
wind cold excess … sweating or no sweating?
no sweating .. thats the big fight
wind cold deficiency … sweating or no sweat?
sweating … theres no fight, and the gates are open …
wind cold excess and wind cold deficiency …which one is present when the patient is weak?
wind cold deficiency
wind cold excess .. what is the pulse and tongue and sweat situation?
floating and tight pulse normal tongue body, thin and white coat no sweat (pores are closed)
in a wind invasion, the pulse should be floating (T/F)
true!
what are some signs and symptoms of wind cold excess?
headache
general ache and body pain
a wind cold excess will usually cause intense thirst (T/F)
false … usually there is no thirst
what types of herbs are used for wind cold excess?
strong herbs that open the pores and release the exterior
in a wind cold deficiency, what is deficient?
the patient, qi, wei qi, any of these answers are ok
in a wind cold deficiency, the patient will have an aversion to what?
wind and cold
in a wind cold excess, the patient will have an aversion to what?
cold
wind cold deficiency pulse?
floating and moderate/mediocre
wind cold deficiency has less or more fever than wind cold excess?
less…there’s less of a fight
what is yang shui / yang edema?
edema that manifests in the face
in yin qiao san, who is the chief and who is the deputy?
jinyinhua and lianqiao are both chiefs
deputy is bohe plus others …
in da cheng qi tang, who is the chief and who is the deputy?
da huang is chief
mang xiao
zhi shi
hou po
what is the category for mahuang (ephedrae herba) and guizhi (cinnamomi ramulus)?
WARE
warm acrid - release the exterior
lian qiao and jin yin hua belong to which category?
clear heat - resolve toxicity
sheng di huang and shui niu jiao belong to which category?
clear heat - cool blood
xigua, zhimu, and shigao belong to which category?
clear heat - drain fire
huo ma ren (cannabis semen) belongs to which category?
downward draining - moist laxative
bohe and chaihu belong to which category?
CARE
cool acrid - release the exterior
mahuang and guizhi belong to which category?
WARE
warm acrid - release the exterior
the three yellows (huang bai, huang qin, and huang lian) belong to which category?
clear heat - dry dampness
gan sui belongs to which category?
downward draining - harsh expellant
qing hao belongs to which category?
clear heat from deficiency
da huang belongs to which category?
downward draining - purgative
what are some characteristics of wind heat?
excess, more sweat, more thirst, wei level, headache, body ache, red eye
wind heat! tell me about the pulse and tongue
floating and rapid pulse
thin yellow tongue coat
wind heat can be treated with acrid cool herbs, like bohe and chaihu .. what channels do many of these herbs enter?
lung and liver
tai yang syndrome has chills/fever at the same time (T/F)
true
shao yang syndrome has alternating chills / fever (T/F)
true
yang ming syndrome is the 4 bigs (T/F)
true
herbs that clear heat and drain fire deal with heat in which channel stage / level?
YANGMING / QI
fever without chills is a sign of excess heat (T/F)
true
full, pounding, rapid pulse is a sign of excess heat (T/F)
true
tongue: red body with yellow coat is a sign of excess heat (T/F)
true
what is the pulse and tongue for excess heat?
pulse: full, pounding, rapid
tongue: red body with yellow coat
what is the 3 more, 1 less rule for xiao ke?
drink more, eat more, urinate more
but lose weight
herbs that clear heat and cool the blood deal with heat in which channel stage?
shao yin (HT, KD)
herbs that clear heat and cool the blood deal with heat in which two of the four levels?
ying and xue (remember, these two levels are very very close)
what is meant by reckless movement of blood?
bleeding, nosebleeds, vomiting blood
ying or xue level heat is better at night (T/F)
false. fever is worse at night. this is related to yin deficiency.
what are some damp heat signs and symptoms?
jaundice, dysentery, urinary difficulty, damp heat skin disorders (eczema)
herbs that treat damp heat tend to be what taste and temperature?
bitter and cold
what kind of situations were considered toxic in ancient china?
think pus and measles and other things oozing …
what are some signs / symptoms of deficiency heat?
5 center heat night sweats fever worse at night malar flush steaming bone disorder
what are the two parts of treatment principle for clearing deficiency heat?
- nourish liver and kidney yin
2. clear deficiency heat
what are the three categories of downward draining herbs?
purgative
moist laxative
harsh expellant
downward draining herbs contraindications are?
pregnancy
prolapse
menses
