Midterm Study Guide

Question 1

Algorithm Definition

Answer 1

A series of well-defined steps to generate the correct solution of a problem, should end in finite time.

Question 2

Input

Answer 2

Anything from the user

Question 3

Output

Answer 3

What is displayed by manipulating the input

Question 4

Flowcharts

Answer 4

Visual representation used to document program logic. It is generally used for smaller problems.
Flow of data between steps is indicated by arrows or flowlines.

Question 5

Pseudocode

Answer 5

Used to document program logic, typically used for larger and complex problems.
Statements are writen in simple English WITHOUT regard to the programming language.
Programlike statements written for humans.

Question 6

Variable

Answer 6

Has an assigned name and value.

Question 7

Major hardware components of a computer?

Answer 7

1. The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
2. Main Memory
3. Secondary Storage Devices
4. Input Devices
5. Output Devices

Question 8

What are the functions of the CPU?

Answer 8

1. Determines where to get the next instruction
2. Regulates the other major components of the computer with control signals.
3. Performs the fetch, decode, excute cycle in order to process program information.
   It is also referred to the brain of the computer

Question 9

Clock (CPU)

Answer 9

A processor’s instructions execute at a rate govered by the processor’s clockes which ticks at a specific frequency.
1 GHz (1 billion ticks/second) = one billion instructions are executed in a second.

Question 10

Main Memory

Answer 10

Also known as RAM
- Currently running programs
- Data used by those programs
- Used only for temporary storage
Memory is divided into sections that hold an equal amount of data
A section of a memory is called a byte
Byte is made up of 8 bits.

Question 11

Secondary Storage Devices

Answer 11

Capable of storing information for longer periods on time (non-volatile)
Ex:
- Disk Drive
- External Drive
- CD drive
- Solid State Drive
- USB drive
- DVD drive

Question 12

Input Devices

Answer 12

Any data the computer collects from the outside world.
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Scanner
- Digital Camera

Question 13

Output Devices

Answer 13

Any data the computer sends to the outside world.
The data is displayed on devices known as output devices.
Includes:
- Monitors
- Printers

Question 14

Software

Answer 14

Programs that run on a computer
Two types of software:
- Operation Systems
- Application Software

Question 15

Operating Systems

Answer 15

A set of programs that manages the computer’s hardaware devices and computer’s hardware devices and controls their processes
Ex:
- Unix
- Linux
- Mac OS
- Windows

Question 16

Application Software

Answer 16

Programs that make the computer useful to the user. Provides a specialized type of the environment for the user to work in.
Ex:
- Spreadsheets
- Word Processors
- Games

Question 17

Program Development Process

Answer 17

Text editor saves Java statements into the source code(.java) and is read by the Java compiler that produces Byte code (.class) and is interepreted by the Java Virtual Machince and Results in the Program Execution.

Question 18

Primitive Data Types

Answer 18

byte
short
int
long
float
double
char
boolean

Question 19

Numeric Data Types

Answer 19

byte
short
int
long
float
double

Question 20

Escape Character

Answer 20

A two character sequence starting with \ that represents a special character
- Escape sequences also enable representing characters like ‘, “ , \
Ex:
\n = newline
\t = tab
' = single quote
" = double quote
\ = backslash

Question 21

Basic Input

Answer 21

import java.util.Scanner; allows the program to get input
- Getting input is achieve by creating a Scanner object via:
Scanner scnr= new Scanner(System.in);
- Scanner scnr= new Scanner(System.in);

Question 22

Arthimetic Operators

Answer 22

+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulo (remainder)

Question 23

Logical Operators

Answer 23

Two binary logical operators:
&& (and) and || (or)
One urary logical operator to reverse the truth of a boolean expression:
! (not)