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Rhetorical Arts > Midterm Study Guide > Flashcards

Midterm Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What is competence?

A

ability; being ethically appropriate and effective; other-oriented; maintain own integrity while taking into account where your communication partner is

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2
Q

Unconscious incompetence

A

unaware of how “bad” you are

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3
Q

Conscious incompetence

A

aware of how “bad” you are

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4
Q

Conscious competence

A

aware of process of doing something well; “know you have to try”

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5
Q

Unconscious competence

A

good at something without putting thought into it

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6
Q

Communication

A

informational transaction with mutual influence; make sense of the world through verbal and nonverbal messages

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7
Q

Interpersonal vs. impersonal

A

interpersonal: builds relationships; impersonal: transactional

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8
Q

Intrapersonal vs. Interpersonal

A

intrapersonal: thoughts in head, inner voice; interpersonal: using voice, another person to interact with

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9
Q

Small group

A

3-15 people, “mob” mentality, group based theories

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10
Q

Public address

A

15+ people, classroom, live presentation/communication

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11
Q

Mass communication

A

replayed (news, articles, youtube), uncountable numbers

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12
Q

What is the importance of study?

A

communication is always present, influences our needs, helps to navigate issues (family, romance, friends, workplace)

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13
Q

Early model of communication

A

one way event: sender “does” communication to another person

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14
Q

Later model of communicaiton

A

tennis game: sender & receiver exchange messages and respond with verbal and nonverbal feedback

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15
Q

Linear model of communication

A

one-way communication; sender gives message and receiver absorbs it

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16
Q

Interactive communication

A

two-way communication; sending and receiving feedback

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17
Q

Transactional communication

A

simultaneous event

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18
Q

Principles of communication

A

connects us, irreversible, complicated, meta-communication, rule governed

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19
Q

What is EMC?

A

electronically mediated communication

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20
Q

Cues-Filtered-Out Theory

A

textual expressions is highly limited; less likely to manage relationships with EMC than FtF (face to face); emotions are not communicated as effectively due to nonverbals being “filtered out”

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21
Q

Media Richness Theory

A

amount of information in a channel is based on: possible feedback, cues we can convey, variety of language used, potential for expression

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22
Q

Social Information Processing Theory

A

can communicate the same messages and meaning via EMC; EMC takes longer

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23
Q

Defining rhetoric

A

understood as human symbolic use; meaning derived from symbols; “things” are not their symbols

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24
Q

Symbol vs. sign

A

symbol: chosen representations, referencing something tangible; sign: NOT conscious choices, physiological need; both can have meaning assigned to them

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25
Q

Corax

A

founder of rhetoric; created speech structure (introduction, argument, conclusion)

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26
Q

Tisias

A

student of Corax; introduced rhetoric to mainland Greece;

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27
Q

Ontology

A

the study of being/reality/existance

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28
Q

Axiology

A

the study of value

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29
Q

Epistemology

A

the study of knowledge

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30
Q

Sophist vs. Rhetorician

A

sophist: charged for their work of arguing; bad reputation
rhetorician: did not charge for their work; neutral reputation

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31
Q

Pre-rhetoricians

A

Corax: the founder; Socrates: teacher of Plato; Plato: philosopher who hated sophists

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32
Q

Rhetoricians

A

Aristotle: Plato’s student; defines rhetoric used today

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33
Q

Sophists

A

Tisias: first sophist; Gorgias: sophistic teacher of rhetoric

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34
Q

What is the trilema?

A

reality does not exist, IF reality existed we would not understand it, IF SOMEHOW we understood it, we could not communicate it

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35
Q

Canons of rhetoric

A

delivery; arrangement; invention; memorization; style

36
Q

Ethos

A

ethics and character

37
Q

Pathos

A

emotions and passion

38
Q

Logos

A

logic and reason

39
Q

Views are:

A

impartial; incomplete; unique

40
Q

Demographics

A

outward visible features and characteristics

41
Q

Gender

A

social characterizations of what makes us man or woman

42
Q

Psychological

A

internal mental characteristics

43
Q

Self

A

the sum of who a person is; their inner force

44
Q

Self-concept

A

a subjective description; (innermost to outermost)
values—>beliefs—>attitudes—>needs

45
Q

Attitude

A

learned predisposition; responding positively or not

46
Q

Belief

A

how you understand reality; true and false

47
Q

Value

A

enduring concepts of right and wrong

48
Q

Needs

A

important deficiencies we are motivated to fulfill

49
Q

Mindfulness

A

thinking consciously about what you are doing and experiencing

50
Q

Subjective self-awareness

A

understanding that you are a unique person

51
Q

Objective self-awareness

A

to be aware of one’s own state of mind

52
Q

Symbolic self-awareness

A

unique human ability to think about oneself and use symbolic representation

53
Q

Material self

A

physical things

54
Q

Social self

A

interactions with others; changes based on roles

55
Q

Spiritual self

A

the inward reflections of values, morals, and beliefs

56
Q

How much of speeches should be intro and conclusion?

A

10% -15% each or 20% -30% total

57
Q

Hearing vs. Listening

A

hearing: physiological process of sound waves hitting your ear drum and causing vibrations; listening: the process of making sense of another’s spoken message

58
Q

Comprehensive listening

A

understanding and remembering important information

59
Q

Empathetic listening

A

understanding the emotions and feelings of another

60
Q

Appreciative listening

A

informed listening for interpretation

61
Q

Critical listening

A

evaluative regarding validity and logic

62
Q

Ethics

A

deal with what is “right” and what is “moral”

63
Q

Utilitarianism

A

good is what is best for the largest population

64
Q

Pragmatism

A

good depends on the outcome

65
Q

Categorical imperative

A

good is what everyone else would do

66
Q

Existentialism

A

good is free choice but we are responsible for our actions

67
Q

Types of credibility

A

initial: beginning/before speech; derived: processed during speech; terminal: end of speech

68
Q

Primary sources

A

original, unaltered, and direct from the author, rhetor, researcher, etc.

69
Q

Secondary sources

A

a different party interprets and/or analyzes one (or several) primary sources

70
Q

Steps of organization

A

grouping, labeling, ordering

71
Q

Grouping

A

putting stuff into “piles”

72
Q

Labeling

A

making known what those “piles” are

73
Q

Ordering

A

putting the “piles” in places based on judgement

74
Q

Organizational patterns

A

chronological, spatial, topical, cause & effect, problem-solution & problem-cause-solution

75
Q

Chronological pattern

A

past, present, future

76
Q

Spatial pattern

A

directional movement in space; some sort of “theme”

77
Q

Topical pattern

A

arguably “every” pattern; used when nothing else quite fits

78
Q

Cause & Effect pattern

A

cause: explains things that will directly turn into others; effect: explains the outcomes associated to an act, event, etc. cause & effect: explains something that triggers something else

79
Q

Problem-Solution/Problem-Cause-Solution pattern

A

explains something is wrong and how to fix it; often used in persuasive speeches

80
Q

Connecting statements (transitions)

A

used to bridge points

81
Q

Types of connectors

A

summaries, previews, transitions, signposts

82
Q

Summaries

A

restate what has already been covered

83
Q

Previews

A

give a small glance of what comes next

84
Q

Transitions

A

bridge two different concepts

85
Q

Signposts

A

specific terms; first, second, third

86
Q

Preparation vs. speaking

A

preparation: everything from your brainstorm to a full sentence manuscript of your entire speech
speaking: key words or short topics that you hold while you speak

Rhetorical Arts (1 decks)

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