Midterm study Flashcards
Federalists
Belived in a strong central government
Lose interpretation of consitution
Federal gov stronger than state gov
Democratic- republicans
belived in a gov led by the common people
Strict interpretation of consitution
State gov stronger than federal gov
Alexander Hamilton
secretary of treasury (manage finances)
Federalist
Wanted a national bank to be led by the elites
Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of State (deals with forgien affairs)
Missouri Comprmise
Proposed by Henry clay to maintain he balance of free v/s slave state in congress
Dividing line 36 30- anything bellow slavery was legal, anything above slavery was illegal
Compromise of 1850
Proposed by clay/ admitted California as a free state and made the fugitive slave laws stricter in order to maintain the balance of free v/s slave state in congressF
Fugitive slave act
Fugitives were not allowed a jury trial or even to testify on their behalf and were to be returned to their slave owners
personal liberty laws
ensures that fugitives have a jury trial and forbade the imprisonment of fugitives
XYZ affair
America sent officials to negotiate with a French forgien minister but instead got sent 3 low level officials who asked for bribe money
alien and sedations act
alien: raised residency from 5 to 14 years
Sedation: set jail terms and fines for anyone who spread scandalous info about gov
Angered many republicans/ belived that it violated their 1st amendment right
Kansas Nebraska act
Proposed by Stephen Douglas/ wanted to admit Kansas and Nebraska as states and use popular sovereignty/ assumed that Nebraska would be a free state and residents in Kansas would vote on the slavery issue
Popular sovereignty
the residents of an area can vote for or against slavery
Bleeding kansas
Pro slavery and anti slavery groups fought to be the majority to vote of the slavery issue/ Kansas became a violent battle field
Gag rule
made by southerners to silence abolitionists petitions to end slavery
Wilmot proviso
stated that slavery cannot exist in land gained after the Mexican-American war
Underground Railroad
a net work or white abolitionists and free blacks who risked their lives in helping slaves runaway
Harriet Beecher Stowe
White abolitionist that published uncle tom’s cabin to expose the truth about slavery
Uncle tom’s cabin
A novel written to expose slavery
Story was based on Eliza and her husband George escaping to Canada and Uncle Tom staying behind and getting whipped to death by his slave over
North: increased protests
South: criticized it and framed Stowe as a liar
Marbury v. Madison
William Marbury (Judge) never received his official paper/ James Madison job as Secretary of State to deliver the papers
Judicial review
The power of the judicial branch to interpret wether laws are constitutional or not
The Great compromise
Set up the 3 branches in government
Checks and balances
The power of each branch to check the power of other branches
American system
Wanted a national bank with a national currency
Improved transportation system (cannals, railroads)
Henry clay
Proposed the Missouri compromise and the compromise of 1850 to maintain the slave vs free state balance in congress
- belived in American system
- house speaker
Industrial Revolution
Making things by hand to making things by machines
Mass production
Producing products in large quantities
Factory system
Powered machines and laborers assigned to tasks to produce products
Interchangeable parts
Created by Eli Whitney and allowed unskilled workers to assemble a musket at random
Cotton gin
Created by Eli Whitney and allowed farmers to grow short staple cotton for profit
3/5 compromise
3 out of 5 slaves were counted towards the population and determined how much a state would pay in taxes and the # of legislative representatives
National Road
A set of high ways connecting regions by land
John Quincy Adams
Apart of the American system/ whig party, and belived in a strong central gov led by the elites and well educating citizens
President also accused of courpted bargain in the election between Andrew Jackson and him
Market Revolution
from making things for yourself and family to Making things to sell at the market
Whig party
made by Henry clay but supported by JQA and Daniel Webster
Belived in the American system
Wanted a national bank and strong federal control over gov
Democratic party
party made by Jacksonian followers and favored a government led by the common man
Sectionalism
Regional concerns should come before national interests as a whole
One before whole
Favored by democratic republicans
Nationalism
National interests should come before regional concerns
Whole before one
Favored by federalists
Spoils system
filling federal job positions with fellow supporters and friends to help push your agenda and stop a corrupted government being led by elites
Pet banks
state banks that were loyal to the Democratic Party and supported by Andrew Jackson
- Jackson placed all government funds into state banks because of his distrust in the national bank
Bank of United States
The second bank of the United States was far more advanced compared to other banks
- the bank would issue paper money and taxes
Andrew Jackson
man of the common people
- old hickory
Favored westward expansion, pet banks, and a government led by the common man
Populism
The belief of people’s right over government
-more voting and control on gov decisions
Tariff of abominations
-tariff of 1828 named by John. C Calhoun
A tax on manufactured goods and forced the south to buy the expensive goods in the north
- north gained money and got wealthy
South: lost money and struggles
A tax that took money from the south and gave it to the north
Nullification
- proposed by Calhoun
A states right to nullify and void laws they deem unconstitutional and they could ceede from the union
John C. Calhoun
belived in state rights and wanted the state gov to have more power than the national gov
- Jacksons’s vice president
Panic of 1837
Credit systems collapsed, banks closed, people lost money, business and became unemployed
- people rushed to banks to exchange paper money for gold and silver
- pet banks failed because they printed money in excess which led to inflation and money losing its value
manifest destiny
the belief that it was the US destiny to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean
Indian removal act of 1830
Act passed by Jackson
- Indians were negotiated with and forcibly removed off of their sacred land and relocated westward (Oklahoma) to make room for white settlers who wanted to farm there
Gold Rush
the new news of gold being found in California caused people to move to California in search or gold and money
- California’s population rose
49ers
people from Asia, South America and Europe who came to California because of the gold rush
Annexation
to incorporated Texas into the union
54 40 or fight
Slogan of the Northern limit of Oregon
Frederick Douglas
former slave who wrote his own anti-slavery newspaper to expose slavery
- was the most photographed man
Election of 1796
Federalist apppointed Adams and Thomas Pickney
Democratic republicans appointed Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
John Adams V/s Thomas Jefferson
- Adams won as president and Jefferson as vice president
- federalist president and a democratic republican vice president
Election of 1800
TJ v/s JA
Thomas Jefferson won over John Adams but tied with Aaron burr
Alexander Hamilton intervened and persuaded federalists to vote for Jefferson because he believed that Burr was unfit for presidency
Election of 1824
Aj won the popular vote but lost the electoral vote
JQA won the electoral vote but lost the popular votes
- it was up to the House of Representatives to decide who was the winner
Henry clay was a house speaker and he could sway the election
Clay disliked Jackson because he believed that he lacked political experience/ Favored JQA because he believed in the American system and was apart of the Whig party
People accused JQA of corrupted bargain because they belived that Henry clay only made JQA president if JQA made hime Secretary of state
French Revolution
Democratic republicans= wanted to support France because of their treaty of 1778
Federalists= wanted to support Britain
neutrality
a statement that the US would not support either side during conflict or war
Louisiana purchase
Napolien sold the Louisiana territory to to the US for $15 million
He needed the money to fight britian
The purchase 2x the size of the US
Jefferson’s presidency
shrunk the government
Cut costs
Reduced the size of the navy
Reduced the influnce of the national bank
Favored free trade
Emilinated internal taxes
Tariff of 1816
Taxed brithish inexpensive goods to force people to but the expensive American version
- tax that eliminated the price advantage and protected the new industries
Corrupt bargain
making deals with higher officials to get what you want
What were the steal plow and reaper?
The steal plow and reapers allowed farmers to grow crops faster and in larger quanties and was less labor intensive
Why move to the west?
To gain cheap and fertile land (land grants)
To escape economic problems due to the panic of 1837
To have a fresh start in the west
To have religious freedom in the west (Mormons)
Who were the Mormons?
A religious community who traveled westward on the Mormon trail to seek religious freedom/ at the end of the trail in Salt Lake City families were awarded plots of land to live and farm on
- Joseph smith was the leader of the Mormons before he was jailed for treason and later killed in jail by in anti Mormon mob
- Brigham young was Joseph’s successor and moved the Mormons to Salt Lake City to farm and live with their new freedom
Santa Fe trail
Went from independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico
- it was the busiest and well known trail
- it led Missouri traders into New Mexico to trade and allowed them to be the first Americans presence in New Mexico
- Americans acquired furs. Gold and silver during the trading
Oregon trail
Discovered by the Whitman couple and went from independence Missouri to Portland, Oregon
- attracted settlers because of the abundant rainfall and fertile soil
Who were the conductors in the Underground Railroad?
Conductors hid slaves in secret tunnels and provided them with food, clothes and disguises
Capitalism
The economic system is controlled by private business and individuals
Entrepreneur
Investors that risk their own money in new industries to make profit if they are successful
Telegraph
A communication device that carries messages trapped in code across copper wires
Antebellum
pre civil war
Abolition
the call to outlaw slavery and enslaved work
Who was Harriet Tubman?
A successful conductor (former slave) in the Underground Railroad who made 19 trips to the south and rescued over 300 slaves
Navtism
supporting the wants and needs of residents in an area over the interests of immigrants
- placing the residents before the immigrants in an area
Sack or Lawrence
An attack on an anti slavery group living in a town called lawrance
-pro slavery groups trashed business and broke homes
Pottowatomie massacare
led by nat Turner (former slave) it was an attack on plantation owners and resulted in the death of many
Stephen A. Douglas
A democratic senator that belived in popular sovereignty
