Midterm Social Studies Flashcards Review
Impact of European Exploration/American Colonialism
- growth of cash crops (tobacco, cotton, etc.)
- ethnic and racial diversity
- class systems
- impact on native americans
The Columbian exchange: positive and negative effects
Positive Effects:
- spread of ideas
-globalization
- new goods traded to other parts of the world
- increased food supply
- religious freedom
Negative Effects:
- spread of diseases (led to the death of many native Americans)
- expansion of the slave trade
Define ‘Cash Crops’
Crops that are grown to make a profit.
Define ‘Jamestown’
First successful colony in the new world
Define the ‘Impact of Tobacco’
Colony succeeded and thrived because of the valuable cash crop in tobacco.
Define ‘Joint-Stock company’
a company/business that is owned by shareholders
Define ‘Proprietary Colony’
a colony funded and overseen by private company/Indvidual’s.
Define ‘Mercantilism’
Everything the colony does is to benefit the mother country.
(used by England with colonies in north America)
Religion in the colony Pennsylvania
-a haven for quakers
-enforced a principle of religious toleration
Define ‘Tolerant’
To accept or permit someone that differs from one’s own beliefs.
Define ‘Religious Toleration- Pennsylvania (Quakers) / Maryland Toleration Act/ Rhode Island’
Colonies that allowed freedom of religion and were tolerant of others.
Religion in the colony Puritans (way of life)
- highly religious and strict
- not tolerant of other religions
Virginia House of Burgesses/Mayflower Compact
(first attempts at what?)
- The first attempts at self-government
- House of Burgesses: Representative form of government
- Mayflower Compact: Expressed importance of democracy/self-government
Impact of the Triangle Trade
Trade routes between America, Africa, and Europe that led to the spread of goods and ideas, but also led to the growth and expansion of the Slave Trade
The Middle Passage- what was it?
The route across the Atlantic Ocean where African slaves were transported. Horrible conditions and overcrowded ships led to the deaths of many slaves to the journey through the middle passage.
The French and Indian war- Causes & Effects
Causes:
- Dispute over the Ohio River Valley
- Expansion
- Seize valuable resources
Effects:
- England enacted many laws and taxes to make up for the debt accumulated during the war
Who fought in the French & Indian War?
British and French
Where was it fought?
Ohio River Valley
What did the Proclamation of 1763 do and the effects?
The colonies could not expand west of the Appalachian Mountains after French & Indian war.
- Increased tension as colonists moved west anyway
(toba`cco farmers were upset because they wanted more land to grow their crops)
What did the ‘Navigation Acts’ do and the effects?
- Regulate colonial economy
- Colonial goods can only be traded and sent to Britian
- Led to smuggling
What did the ‘Tea Act’ do and the effects?
-Lowers the cost of British Tea, hurting colonial merchants (British East India Company)
-Boston Tea Party
What did the ‘Intolerable Acts’ do and the effects?
- Reaction to the Boston Tea Party.
-Passed acts like the Coercive Acts and Quartering Act. - The first continental congress was formed (the colonies united to boycott British Goods)
What did the ‘Townshend Acts’ do and the effects?
- tax on goods imported to the colonies (Glass, lead, etc.)
-Boycotts, protests, and petitions
What did the ‘Stamp Act’ do and the effects?
- tax on all printed materials and documents
- Boycotts and attacks on tax collectors
What did the ‘Quartering Act’ do and effects?
- Required colonists to provide lodging to british troops
- protested the act and led to 3rd Amendment
What was the purpose of the Albany Plan of Union (Benjamin Franklin)
To adopt a government that would unite the colonists. if the colonists didn’t unite, they will not survive!
Define ‘Militia’
an army consisting of civilians who are trained as soldiers to fight during times of emergency.
The Boston Massacre- Impact and Importance?
- colonists were killed by redcoats which sparked more hatred towards Britain
Define ‘Propaganda’
Information used to persuade opinion. (sometimes stretching the truth)
Thomas Paines “Common Sense”- Impact and Importance?
Pamphlet that stated reasons for the American Colonists to break away from England and become independent!
John Peter Zenger Trial & “Freedom of the Press”:
Concept of “freedom of the press” is established. Newspapers and journalists can truthfully critique the government and point out wrongdoings without being punished.
Writs of Assistance- what were the British allowed to do?
British troops can search colonial homes and belongings without a search warrant.
“Unreasonable search and seizure”
Lasting impact of the Printing Press:
- Literacy rate increases
- Cheaper books
- Spread of ideas and knowledge
What was the first continental congress?
colonies unite to boycott British goods.
Patriots VS. Loyalists- Define Both.
Patriots:
- colonists who want independence
-Middle/lower class
- Boston Tea Party, propaganda
Loyalists:
- colonists who remain loyal to the king and Britain
- upper class/wealthy
Who are the Minutemen?
Soldiers ready to fight at any minutes notice.
-colonial militia that fought at Lexington and Concord
Define ‘Guerilla Warfare’
Surprise raids, hit and run tactics, ambushes
Declaration of Independance- Who wrote it? Impact & Importance?
- Written by Thomas Jefferson
- States the reasons for American Revolution and independence
- States that governments are established to protect the natural rights of citizens
“Consent of the Governed”- where does government get its power from?
Government gets it power from the people!
Consent means Approval.
Governed means People.
