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ANAT 316 Exam > Midterm Reviews and Short Answer > Flashcards

Midterm Reviews and Short Answer Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first airway to enter at the hilum?

A

primary bronchi

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2
Q

What is the last part of the airway with cartilage?

A

Tertiary (segmental)

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3
Q

What surface of the lung faces the heart?

A

mediastinal

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4
Q

Each segmental bronchial contains?

A

Bronchopulmonary

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5
Q

What is the relaxed state of the diaphragm?

A

moves superiorly and returns to dome-like shape

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6
Q

what are the attachments of the diaphragm?

A

sternal, costal, lumbar

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7
Q

what is the innervation of diaphragm?

A

phrenic nerve

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8
Q

What are the true, false and floating ribs?

A

True 1-7
false 8-10
floating 11-12

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9
Q

What are the main muscles of inspiration?

A

external intercostals and diaphragm

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10
Q

What are accessory muscles to inspiration?

A

sternocleidomastoid, scalene, trapezius

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11
Q

What is the landmark where the manubrium and the body of the sternum meet?

A

sternal angle

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12
Q

What ligament connects the head of the ribs to the bodies of the vertebrae?

A

radiate ligament

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13
Q

What branches of the aortic arch originates in the superior mediastinum?

A

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

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14
Q

What arteries are branches of the ascending aorta?

A

right and left coronary arteries

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15
Q

What surface of the heart rests on the diaphragm?

A

inferior surface

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16
Q

What makes up the posterior surface of the heart?

A

the left atrium

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17
Q

What are the major grooves of the heart?

A

coronary, anterior interventricular and posterior interventricular sulci

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18
Q

What is the crista terminalis?

A
  • Is a smooth muscular ridge in the superior portion of the right atrium
  • It divides the musculi pectinati and the right atrial appendage from the smooth surface of the
    right atrium
  • provides anatomical separation the orifices of the IVC and the Coronary sinus
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19
Q

Where is the fossa Ovalis located?

A

The interatrial atrium (right atrium)

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20
Q

Where do the left and right kidney span?

A

Left: T12-L3
Right: L1-L4

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21
Q

What are contents of the renal sinus?

A

renal pelvis, renal arteries and nerves, major and minor calices

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22
Q

What vessels run alongside the abdominal part of the ureter?

A

gonadal arteries

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23
Q

The ureters open to the bladder where?

A

Trigone of Bladder

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24
Q

The kidneys are highly responsive to what?

A

Sympathetic Innervation

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25
Q

Where does the hepatopancreatic ampulla open into?

A

the descending limb of the duodenum

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26
Q

The stomach gets blood supply from what arteries?

A

celiac artery, L+R gastric, gastro-omental

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27
Q

What part of the duodenum is not intraperitoneal?

A

Inferior limb

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28
Q

What are the branches of the internal iliac artery?

A

iliolumbar, gluteal arteries, lat sacral arteries, obturator, internal pudendal, vescial, uterine, mid rectal arteries

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29
Q

What are the components of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

puborectalis, pubococcygeus, coccygeus

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30
Q

What muscle aponeuroses form the posterior layer of the abdomen?

A

internal oblique and transversus abdominis

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31
Q

Tendonis Arch provides attachment for what muscles?

A

puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus

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32
Q

Anal canal doesn’t receive autonomic innervation from?

A

Celiac ganglion

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33
Q

what is the most likely diagnosis if a patient comes in with a runny nose and unable to smell?

A

Possible ethmoid fracture causing damage to the olfactory nerve resulting in anosmia

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34
Q

what is the most likely diagnosis if a patient comes in with a ear infection and inability to form facial expressions?

A

Facial nerve is being affected as it passes through the middle ear (facial canal) patient may have bell’s palsy (facial N. becomes inflamed due to viral infection)

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35
Q

A patient comes in with loss of hearing what could be damaged?

A
  • tensor tympani, stapedius muscles
  • malleus, incus and stapes
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36
Q

what is the most likely diagnosis if a patient comes in with impaired peripheral vison?

A

Damage to sella turcia, resulting in lesions in the pituitary gland and damage to the optic chasim

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37
Q

Where does a spinal tap occur and why?

A

It is performed after L2, typically in between L3-L4
This is because the spinal cord ends at L2 so it prevents injury to the spinal cord

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38
Q

What are the structures involved in a inguinal hernia?

A

inguinal canal, the deep and superficial rings are at most risk to damage and where inguinal hernias will most likely occur

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39
Q

If a patient experienced a block in right or left coronary arteries what structures would be affected?

A

Right artery- right ventricle and atrium
- PDA
- Marginal artery
Left artery- left ventricle and atrium
- LDA
- circumflex artery

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40
Q

What structure is known as the false vocal cord?

A

Vestibular ligament

41
Q

What structure is known as the true vocal cord?

A

Cricothyroid ligament

42
Q

What muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?

A

styloglossus, transverse, vertical, superior longitudinal muscles

43
Q

what muscle is not innervated by the hypoglossal?

A

palatoglossus

44
Q

What gives rise to the maxillary artery?

A

external carotid artery

45
Q

What muscle does elevation and adduction of the eye?

A

superior rectus

46
Q

What covers the hair cells on the organ of corti?

A

tectorial membrane

47
Q

what masticatory muscle consists of a superior and inferior head?

A

lateral pterygoid

48
Q

what muscles close the jaw?

A

masseter
medial pterygoid
temporalis

49
Q

What structure changes shape by the ciliary muscles, adjusting amount of light that enters the eye?

50
Q

What papillae has a purely mechanical role?

51
Q

What muscle has an attachment to the pterygomandibular raphe?

A

superior pharyngeal constrictor

52
Q

What makes the superior border of the muscular triangle of neck?

A

hyoid bone

53
Q

Where do the fibres of the temporalis insert?

A

coronoid process

54
Q

What part of pharynx has the palatoglossal arch as it’s anterior landmark?

A

oropharynx

55
Q

what muscles connects the hyoid bone to the base of the skull?

A

stylohyoid

56
Q

Where dos the aqueous humour of the eye drain into?

A

schlemms canal

57
Q

What muscle does not assist in mastication?

A

zygomaticus minor

58
Q

what muscles does the oculomotor nerve innervate?

A

levator palpebrae superiors
inferior oblique
middle rectus
inferior rectus

59
Q

where are the highest amount of cones located in the eye?

A

Macula lutea

60
Q

what muscles move tongue for chewing?

A

genioglossus
hyoglossus
styloglossus
palatoglossus

61
Q

What muscle creates posterior boundary of submandibular triangle?

A

stylohyoid

62
Q

what muscles have an inferior attachment of the angle and ramus of mandible and elevate the mandible?

A

masseter and medial pterygoid

63
Q

What is not true about the sternocleidomastoid?
a- attaches the superior nuchal line
b- attaches the base of the mastoid process
c- can extend and laterally rotate the head
d- bounds the posterior triangle of the neck anteriorly
e- receives motor innervation via T1-T3

64
Q

What cranial nerve supplies muscles of facial expression?

65
Q

What structure runs through the anterior part of the carotid sheath?

A

ansa cervicalis (never heard of this in my life but also didnt go to class so..)

66
Q

what space receives the opening of the lacrimal duct?

A

superior nasal meatus

67
Q

what artery is in the cavernous sinus?

A

internal carotid

68
Q

what muscle abducts the rima glottidis?

A

lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

69
Q

What are the components of the larynx?

A

thyroid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage, cricoid cartilage

70
Q

What is not true about the nasal cavity?
a- middle meatus drains the sphenoid air sinus
b- middle meatus drains the anterior and middle ethmoid sinuses
c- the superior meatus drains the posterior ethmoid sinus
d- the vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid are the bony components of the nasal septum
e- the lateral nasal walls are formed by the maxilla, ethmoid and palatine bones

71
Q

What structure is the saddle-shaped cavity found within the body of the sphenoid and guards the pituitary gland?

A

the sella turcica

72
Q

The optic canal travels through the medial portion of which part of the sphenoid?

A

lesser wing

73
Q

which bone makes up most of the middle part of the base of the skull and contributes to the floor of the middle cranial fossa?

A

Sphenoid bone

74
Q

The zygomatic process of the maxillary bone extends laterally and articulates with what bone?

A

Zygomatic bone

75
Q

Which cranial bone is the only one that articulates with the cervical spine?

A

Occipital bone

76
Q

All of the following bones contain paranasal sinuses except?
a- sphenoid
b-ethmoid
c- maxilla
d- frontal bone
e- palatine bone

77
Q

Which part of the temporal bone is a hard pyramidal-shaped structure and contains organs of hearing?

A

petrous part of temporal bone

78
Q

Which part of the ethmoid bone lies within the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone and forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

cribriform plate of ethmoid

79
Q

All of the following contribute to the nasal septum but?
a- palatine bone
b- vomer
c- nasal septal cartilage
d- perpendicular plate of ethmoid
e- none

80
Q

What is a spike-like projection form the inferior aspect of the temporal bone?

A

styloid process

81
Q

What bones form the skull cap?

A

parietal
temporal
frontal
occipital

82
Q

What suture runs horizontally between the occipital bone and the parietal bones?

A

lamboid suture

83
Q

what bones articulate with the greater wing of the sphenoid?

A

parietal
temporal

84
Q

What bone is the foramen spinosum located?

A

greater wing of sphenoid

85
Q

Which two bones does the transverse palatine suture extend?

A

maxilla and palatine bones

86
Q

which of the following is an unpaired bone that separates the nasal cavity from the brain?

A

ethmoid bine

87
Q

the teeth of the lower jaw reside in which anatomical structure?

A

alveolar process of mandible

88
Q

which part of the maxillary bone forms the anterior two thirds of the hard palate?

A

palatine process of maxilla

89
Q

Which canal is found in the side walls of the foramen magnum?

A

hypoglossal canal

90
Q

what structures are the kidney-shaped prominences that articulate with the first cervical vertebra?

A

occipital condyles

91
Q

The anterior fontanelle is located at the junction of which two bones?

A

frontal and parietal

92
Q

which of the following landmarks of the ethmoid bone are midline structures?

A

crista galli

93
Q

This bone contributes to the lateral surfaces of the nasal cavity:

A

ethmoid bone

94
Q

All of the following are part of the ethmoid bone except?
a- crista galli
b- cribriform plate
c- olfactory foramina
d- inferior nasal conchae
e- superior nasal conchae

95
Q

which is false about the hyoid?
a- has a perpendicular plate
b- contains a foramen for the passage of a cranial nerve
c- articulates with the sphenoid
d- articulates with the mandible
e- all of the above

96
Q

The major bones on either side of the coronal suture are what?

A

frontal and parietal

97
Q

the mastoid process is a feature of what bone?

98
Q

This facial bone contributes to the formation of the hard palate:

ANAT 316 Exam (1 decks)

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