midterm review vocabulary

Question 1

monsoon

Answer 1

seasonal wind; in India, the winter monsoon brings hot, dry weather and the summer monsoon brings rain

Question 2

Bubonic Plague

Answer 2

a disease spread by fleas on rats.

Question 3

Hinduism

Answer 3

a diverse religion made up of basic beliefs

Question 4

Buddhism

Answer 4

life devoted to hard spiritual work, to achieve nirvana

Question 5

reincarnation

Answer 5

in Hinduism, belief in the rebirth of the soul in another bodily form

Question 6

moksha

Answer 6

in Hindu belief, the ultimate goal of existence, achieving union with Brahman

Question 7

nirvana

Answer 7

in Buddhism, union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth

Question 8

Eightfold path

Answer 8

life devoted to pleasure and one based on harsh self-denial.

Question 9

Sanskrit

Answer 9

type of Aryan writing

Question 10

caste system

Answer 10

type of social organization/ hierarchy in which a person’s occupation and position in life is determined by the circumstances of birth

Question 11

cultural diffusion

Answer 11

spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another

Question 12

Judaism

Answer 12

the religion that involves a relationship with god, so that he could save them from their enemies.

Question 13

Christianity

Answer 13

believing in the faith of Christ and participation in the sacraments would led to salvation, or ever lasting life with god.

Question 14

Islam

Answer 14

a religion and way of life that was from Mecca.

Question 15

ten commandments

Answer 15

set of laws that Jews believe god gave them through Moses

Question 16

five pillars

Answer 16

in Islam, the expectations to live by

Question 17

Torah

Answer 17

holy book for Judaism that has recorded events and laws, sacred

Question 18

animism

Answer 18

belief that spirits and forces may live in animals, objects, or dreams

Question 19

Shintoism

Answer 19

belief in kami or nature spirits, forces of nature

Question 20

four noble truths

Answer 20

the heart of Buddhism, Buddha’s teachings

1) all life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow
2) the cause of suffering is the desire for things that are really illusions, such as riches, power, and long life
3) the only cur for suffering is to over come desire
4) the way to overcome desire is to follow the Eightfold path

Question 21

polytheism

Answer 21

believing in many gods

Question 22

monotheism

Answer 22

believing in only one god

Question 23

code of Hammurabi

Answer 23

single, unified code helped unify diverse groups with in empire “eye for an eye”

Question 24

brahma

Answer 24

Hindu god

Question 25

dharma

Answer 25

in Hindu belief, an individual’s religious and moral duties

Question 26

silk road

Answer 26

ancient route spanning 4,000 miles, were traders exchanged their goods for other goods

Question 27

middle kingdom

Answer 27

a single phase in Egyptian political and cultural development, ended with the conquest of Egypt by the Hyksos, the shepherd kings.

Question 28

Confucianism

Answer 28

the teachings of Confucius’s philosophy, that were the five relationships and filial piety.

Question 29

Pax Romana

Answer 29

a time of peace and prosperity in Rome

Question 30

guilds

Answer 30

in the Middle Ages, association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests

Question 31

democracy

Answer 31

government in which the people hold ruling power

Question 32

hieroglyphics

Answer 32

form of picture writing developed by the ancient Egyptians

Question 33

cuneiform

Answer 33

wedge-shaped writing of the ancient Sumerians

Question 34

fertile crescent

Answer 34

land that curves from the Persian gulf to the eastern Mediterranean coast, dark, rich soils and golden wheat fields

Question 35

hagia sophia

Answer 35

church of holy wisdom

Question 36

Justinian’s code

Answer 36

the organization of ancient Roman laws into a collection of civil laws

Question 37

terrace farming

Answer 37

sloped plain for farming

Question 38

commercial revolution

Answer 38

trade revived, money reappeared, which in turn led to more changes

Question 39

chivalry

Answer 39

code of conduct for knights during the middle ages

Question 40

one hundred years war

Answer 40

between 1337 and 1453, England and France fought for a series of conflicts

Question 41

manorialism

Answer 41

the lords gave out land to people and in return the people would have to give their services to the lord.