Midterm Review Vocab

Question 1

Monsoon

Answer 1

a seasonal prevailing wind in India

Question 2

bubonic plague

Answer 2

the most common form of plague in humans, characterized by fever, delirium, and the formation of buboes.

Question 3

Hinduism

Answer 3

a major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia

Question 4

Buddhism

Answer 4

a religion represented by the many groups (especially in Asia) that profess various forms of the Buddhist doctrine and that venerate Buddha

Question 5

Reincarnation

Answer 5

the rebirth of a soul in a new body.

Question 6

Moksha

Answer 6

release from the cycle of rebirth impelled by the law of karma.

Question 7

Nirvana

Answer 7

(in Buddhism) a transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, and the subject is released from the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth. It represents the final goal of Buddhism.

Question 8

Eightfold Path

Answer 8

the path to nirvana, comprising eight aspects in which an aspirant must become practiced: right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration

Question 9

Sanskrit

Answer 9

an ancient language of India, in which the Hindu scriptures and classical Indian epic poems are written and from which many northern Indian languages are derived.

Question 10

Caste System

Answer 10

a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity

Question 11

Cultural Diffusion

Answer 11

culture spreading to different regions or nations

Question 12

Judaism

Answer 12

A monotheistic Jewish religion

Question 13

Christianity

Answer 13

the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus

Question 14

Islam

Answer 14

the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah

Question 15

Ten Commandments

Answer 15

the biblical commandments of Moses

Question 16

Five Pillars

Answer 16

code of conduct on the general 5 things to the Muslim religion

Question 17

Torah

Answer 17

the law of God as revealed to Moses and recorded in the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures

Question 18

Animism

Answer 18

the attribution of a soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena

Question 19

Shintoism

Answer 19

the native religion of Japan, primarily a system of nature and ancestor worship

Question 20

Four Noble Truths

Answer 20

the four central beliefs containing the essence of Buddhist teaching

Question 21

Polytheism

Answer 21

believing in more than one god

Question 22

Monotheism

Answer 22

believing in only one god

Question 23

code of hammurabi

Answer 23

is a Babylonian law code of ancient Iraq, formerly Mesopotamia

Question 24

brahma

Answer 24

the ultimate ground of all being in Hinduism

Question 25

dharma

Answer 25

Dharma is a concept of central importance in Indian philosophy and religion

Question 26

silk road

Answer 26

an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean

Question 27

middle kingdom

Answer 27

in Egypt (also known as The Period of Reunification) is the period in the history of ancient Egypt between about 2050 BC and 1650 BC, stretching from the establishment of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Twelfth Dynasty

Question 28

Confucianism

Answer 28

a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius

Question 29

pax romana

Answer 29

peace within the roman empire

Question 30

guilds

Answer 30

a medieval association of craftsmen or merchants, often having considerable power

Question 31

democracy

Answer 31

a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives

Question 32

hieroglyphics

Answer 32

old egyptian writing

Question 33

cuneiform

Answer 33

denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia

Question 34

fertile crescent

Answer 34

a geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates

Question 35

hagia sophia

Answer 35

a 6th century masterpiece of Byzantine architecture in Istanbul

Question 36

justianians code

Answer 36

laws/code of conduct by the eastern roman emperor Justinian

Question 37

terrace farming

Answer 37

a unique farming solution for hillsides. Farmers build terraces to shore up a hillside and provide multiple levels of farming

Question 38

commercial revolution

Answer 38

a period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from approximately the 13th century until the early 18th century

Question 39

chivalry

Answer 39

the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code

Question 40

one hundred years war

Answer 40

The Hundred Years’ War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France for control of the French throne

Question 41

manorialism

Answer 41

the system of manorial social and political organization, as in the Middle Ages