Midterm Review -- period 2 Flashcards
What are the two major regions of the dermis?
Papillary and Reticular
Positive Feedback
The response strengthens or enhances the change in a controlled condition
Example: childbirth
Red, painful, and blistered
Second-degree burn
Negative Feedback
The response reverses a change in a controlled condition
Descriptive Anatomy
Exact terms for locations; prevents misunderstandings
Abdominal
Stomach
Anatomical Position
Standing Upright, Arms by the side, Palms facing forward, Toes pointed forward.
Acromial
shoulder
Carpal
Wrist
Axillary
under arm
Cephalic
Head
Cervical
Neck
Brachial
arm (shoulder to elbow only)
Coxal
Hip
Homeostasis
The ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable/constant internal environment, regardless of environmental changes
Buccal
cheek
What is the function of melanin?
Responsible for protection from UV radiation, making skin darker. (Ranges in color; yellow, brown, black)
Digitals
Fingers, Toes
Femoral
Thigh
What are nails composed of?
Keratin
Integumentary System
Skin, hair, and nails; Protects tissue in skin from cuts and injury
Nail Matrix
the part of the nail beneath the body and the root from which the nail is produced
Avascular
Characterized by or associated with a lack of blood vessels; the epidermis is avascular
True or false. Joe just burned his hand on a hot pot. A blister forms and the burn is painful; Joe’s burn would be described as a third-degree burn.
False- Second Degree Burn
What are the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?
S. Corneum, S. Lucidum (Thick Skin Only), S. Granulosum, S. Spinosum, S. Basale
Muscular System
Responsible for movement
What is the rule of nines?
How burn percentages are assesed
Superior
Above
Inferior
Below
Anterior
Front of the body
Where on your body do you have thick skin (5 Layers)?
Palms of hands and soles of feet only; only skin with the stratum lucidum
Posterior
Back of the body
Red and swollen and causes temporary discomfort; example: sunburn
First degree burn
Medial
Toward the midline
What is the main function of melanocytes in the S. Basale?
Produces melanin
Receptor (Sensor)
Detects change in the body
What are the deepest regions of the dermis and most superficial regions of the dermis?
The Reticular region is the deepest region of the dermis, while the Papillary region is the most superficial.
The bridge of the nose is __ to the eyes
Medial
What is Keratin?
A waterproof protein produced by keratinocytes located in the S. Corneum
Lateral
Away from the midline
Where do split ends form?
The tip of the hair shaft.
The eyes are ___ to the nose
Lateral
Intermediate
Between the medial and lateral
Effector
Infleunces the magnitude of stimulus and returns variable to homeostasis.
Proximal
Close to the point of the attachment; only used on the arms and legs
The knee is ____ to the ankle.
Proximal
Distal
Away from the point of attachment; only used on the arms and legs
Sebaceous Glands
(oil glands) found all over the body except soles of feet and palms and secretes sebum (keeps skin soft, anti-bacterial, more androgens)
The calf is ___ to the thigh
Distal
Superficial
Surface
Deep
Away from the surface of the body
How does the dermis help regulate body temperature?
When body temp. is high capillaries become swollen, radiating heat from the skin’s surface. When body temp. is low, capillaries allow internal body temp to remain high.
What materials is hair composed of?
Dead, keratinized cells.
Eccrine Glands
(sweat glands) very numerous especially on the face and produces sweat in response to temperature. DOES NOT SMELL
Skeletal System
Helps the body muscles move
What is the function and composition of sweat?
Function:
1. helps dissipate excess heat
2. excretes waste products
3. acidic nature inhibits bacterial growth
Composition:
1. mostly water
2. salts and vitamin C
3. some metabolic waste
4. fatty acids and proteins (apocrine only)
What is Gross Anatomy?
Able to be studied with the naked eye
Body Membrane Function
covers the body, lines body cavities, and cover organs within the body cavities
What is Anatomy?
The study of the shape and structure of the body and its parts.
What is Microscopic Anatomy?
Needs Microscope to be studied
What is the function of Hypodermis?
The hypodermis, or Subcutaneous tissue, anchors skin to underlying organs, serves as a shock absorber, and insolates deeper tissues.
What is physiology?
The study of how the body and its parts work or function.
apocrine sweat glands (sudoriferous glands)
found in armpits and around genitals; sweat that is released has proteins and fatty acids; sweat is released due to an emotional response
What are the survival needs?
- Nutrients
- Oxygen
- Water
- Normal Body Temperature
- Atmospheric Pressure
Sagittal Selection
A sagittal selection divides the body(organ)into equal right and left.
Levels of organization for organs from smallest to biggest?
Cellular level, Tissue level, Organ level, Organ system level, Organismal level
Midsagittal Selection
Divides the body into equal right and left parts.
Transverse(cross section)
A transverse or cross-section divides the body(or organ) into superior and inferior.
Cutaneous Membrane
An Epithelial Tissue (skin)
The only dry membrane, main barrier between the outside world and our body
Frontal(coronal)section
A frontal(coronal) sections divide the body into anterior and posterior.
Mucous Membranes
An Epithelial Tissue
Lines the body cavities open to the body’s exterior, most secrete mucus
thoracic cavity
Contains heart and lungs
Abdominopelvic cavity
Digestive organs,m reproductive organs, and urinary tract organs
Craninal cavity
Houses the brain
Spinal cavity
Houses the spinal cord
Serous Membrane
- An Epithelial Tissue membrane
- Found in body cavities NOT open to the exterior
- Visceral & Parietal Layers separated by serous fluid
Synovial Membrane
A Connective Tissue
Lines the walls of the joints capsules in moveable joints, contains synovial fluid
Nervous System
Responds to external and internal changes: body’s control system
