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P2 -- Anatomy and Physiology > Midterm Review -- period 2 > Flashcards

Midterm Review -- period 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two major regions of the dermis?

A

Papillary and Reticular

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2
Q

Positive Feedback

A

The response strengthens or enhances the change in a controlled condition
Example: childbirth

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3
Q

Red, painful, and blistered

A

Second-degree burn

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4
Q

Negative Feedback

A

The response reverses a change in a controlled condition

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5
Q

Descriptive Anatomy

A

Exact terms for locations; prevents misunderstandings

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6
Q

Abdominal

A

Stomach

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7
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Standing Upright, Arms by the side, Palms facing forward, Toes pointed forward.

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8
Q

Acromial

A

shoulder

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9
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

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10
Q

Axillary

A

under arm

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11
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

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12
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

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13
Q

Brachial

A

arm (shoulder to elbow only)

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14
Q

Coxal

A

Hip

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15
Q

Homeostasis

A

The ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable/constant internal environment, regardless of environmental changes

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16
Q

Buccal

A

cheek

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17
Q

What is the function of melanin?

A

Responsible for protection from UV radiation, making skin darker. (Ranges in color; yellow, brown, black)

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18
Q

Digitals

A

Fingers, Toes

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19
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

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20
Q

What are nails composed of?

A

Keratin

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21
Q

Integumentary System

A

Skin, hair, and nails; Protects tissue in skin from cuts and injury

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22
Q

Nail Matrix

A

the part of the nail beneath the body and the root from which the nail is produced

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23
Q

Avascular

A

Characterized by or associated with a lack of blood vessels; the epidermis is avascular

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24
Q

True or false. Joe just burned his hand on a hot pot. A blister forms and the burn is painful; Joe’s burn would be described as a third-degree burn.

A

False- Second Degree Burn

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25
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?

A

S. Corneum, S. Lucidum (Thick Skin Only), S. Granulosum, S. Spinosum, S. Basale

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26
Q

Muscular System

A

Responsible for movement

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27
Q

What is the rule of nines?

A

How burn percentages are assesed

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28
Q

Superior

A

Above

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29
Q

Inferior

A

Below

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30
Q

Anterior

A

Front of the body

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31
Q

Where on your body do you have thick skin (5 Layers)?

A

Palms of hands and soles of feet only; only skin with the stratum lucidum

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32
Q

Posterior

A

Back of the body

33
Q

Red and swollen and causes temporary discomfort; example: sunburn

A

First degree burn

34
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

35
Q

What is the main function of melanocytes in the S. Basale?

A

Produces melanin

36
Q

Receptor (Sensor)

A

Detects change in the body

37
Q

What are the deepest regions of the dermis and most superficial regions of the dermis?

A

The Reticular region is the deepest region of the dermis, while the Papillary region is the most superficial.

38
Q

The bridge of the nose is __ to the eyes

A

Medial

39
Q

What is Keratin?

A

A waterproof protein produced by keratinocytes located in the S. Corneum

40
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

41
Q

Where do split ends form?

A

The tip of the hair shaft.

42
Q

The eyes are ___ to the nose

A

Lateral

43
Q

Intermediate

A

Between the medial and lateral

44
Q

Effector

A

Infleunces the magnitude of stimulus and returns variable to homeostasis.

45
Q

Proximal

A

Close to the point of the attachment; only used on the arms and legs

46
Q

The knee is ____ to the ankle.

A

Proximal

47
Q

Distal

A

Away from the point of attachment; only used on the arms and legs

48
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

(oil glands) found all over the body except soles of feet and palms and secretes sebum (keeps skin soft, anti-bacterial, more androgens)

49
Q

The calf is ___ to the thigh

A

Distal

50
Q

Superficial

A

Surface

51
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface of the body

52
Q

How does the dermis help regulate body temperature?

A

When body temp. is high capillaries become swollen, radiating heat from the skin’s surface. When body temp. is low, capillaries allow internal body temp to remain high.

53
Q

What materials is hair composed of?

A

Dead, keratinized cells.

54
Q

Eccrine Glands

A

(sweat glands) very numerous especially on the face and produces sweat in response to temperature. DOES NOT SMELL

55
Q

Skeletal System

A

Helps the body muscles move

56
Q

What is the function and composition of sweat?

A

Function:
1. helps dissipate excess heat
2. excretes waste products
3. acidic nature inhibits bacterial growth
Composition:
1. mostly water
2. salts and vitamin C
3. some metabolic waste
4. fatty acids and proteins (apocrine only)

57
Q

What is Gross Anatomy?

A

Able to be studied with the naked eye

58
Q

Body Membrane Function

A

covers the body, lines body cavities, and cover organs within the body cavities

59
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

The study of the shape and structure of the body and its parts.

60
Q

What is Microscopic Anatomy?

A

Needs Microscope to be studied

61
Q

What is the function of Hypodermis?

A

The hypodermis, or Subcutaneous tissue, anchors skin to underlying organs, serves as a shock absorber, and insolates deeper tissues.

62
Q

What is physiology?

A

The study of how the body and its parts work or function.

63
Q

apocrine sweat glands (sudoriferous glands)

A

found in armpits and around genitals; sweat that is released has proteins and fatty acids; sweat is released due to an emotional response

64
Q

What are the survival needs?

A
  1. Nutrients
  2. Oxygen
  3. Water
  4. Normal Body Temperature
  5. Atmospheric Pressure
65
Q

Sagittal Selection

A

A sagittal selection divides the body(organ)into equal right and left.

66
Q

Levels of organization for organs from smallest to biggest?

A

Cellular level, Tissue level, Organ level, Organ system level, Organismal level

67
Q

Midsagittal Selection

A

Divides the body into equal right and left parts.

68
Q

Transverse(cross section)

A

A transverse or cross-section divides the body(or organ) into superior and inferior.

69
Q

Cutaneous Membrane

A

An Epithelial Tissue (skin)
The only dry membrane, main barrier between the outside world and our body

70
Q

Frontal(coronal)section

A

A frontal(coronal) sections divide the body into anterior and posterior.

71
Q

Mucous Membranes

A

An Epithelial Tissue
Lines the body cavities open to the body’s exterior, most secrete mucus

72
Q

thoracic cavity

A

Contains heart and lungs

73
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Digestive organs,m reproductive organs, and urinary tract organs

74
Q

Craninal cavity

A

Houses the brain

75
Q

Spinal cavity

A

Houses the spinal cord

76
Q

Serous Membrane

A
  • An Epithelial Tissue membrane
  • Found in body cavities NOT open to the exterior
  • Visceral & Parietal Layers separated by serous fluid
77
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

A Connective Tissue
Lines the walls of the joints capsules in moveable joints, contains synovial fluid

78
Q

Nervous System

A

Responds to external and internal changes: body’s control system

P2 -- Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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