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Nutrition 1 > Midterm Review Lectures 1-18 > Flashcards

Midterm Review Lectures 1-18 Flashcards

1
Q

Palatability influences how much a pet likes a food. What are the factors that create palatability? (7 choices)

A

odour, temperature, texture, shape, fat, H20, salt

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2
Q

Macronutrients do not supply energy

T/F

A

False-Micronutrients do not supply energy

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3
Q

List the macronutrients (4)

A

Water, proteins, carbohydrates, fats

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4
Q

What are the micronutrients? (2)

A

minerals and vitamins

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5
Q

Water is essential for:

(a) temperature regulation
(b) digestion
(c) metabolic processes
(d) chemical reactions
(e) all of the above

A

(e) all of the above

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6
Q

What are the two fibers?

A

soluble and insoluble

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7
Q

What is the main difference between soluble and insoluble fiber?

A

soluble-holds water, makes feces softer

insoluble-does not absorb, increases fecal bulk

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8
Q

The standard measurement for energy is the kilocalorie.

T/F

A

True-k/cal

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9
Q

What is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water 1 degree Celsius?

A

1 k/cal

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10
Q

List the fat soluble vitamins.

A

A, D, E, K

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11
Q

Water soluble vitamin accumulations can be toxic.

T/F

A

False-these are excreted quickly and are what need to be replenished first when a patient is ill. Fat soluble vitamins are stored in fat and the liver and can accumulate to toxic levels

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12
Q

Cats need what vitamin due to being obligate carnivores?

A

A-this is because they can’t convert carotenoids to vitamin A

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13
Q

Why is a carbohydrate called a carbohydrate?

A

Made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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14
Q

How many essential amino acids does a cat need?

A

11

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15
Q

How many essential amino acids does a dog need?

A

10

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16
Q

Where are carbohydrates found?

A

fruits, grains, vegetables and milk products

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17
Q

A major carbohydrate required by cells is

A

glucose

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18
Q 
What is the chemical symbol for:
Iron
Copper
Manganese
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
A

Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Na, K

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19
Q

How many essential minerals are there?

A

12

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20
Q

The 12 essential minerals are:
Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, I
name them

A

Calcium, Phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium and iodine

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21
Q

Which 6 are macrominerals?

A

Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl

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22
Q

A micromineral is also referred to as a trace mineral.

T/F

A

true and the microminerals are: iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium and iodine

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23
Q

Digestibility is influenced by the quality and processing of nutrients
T/F

A

true

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24
Q

Digestible energy (DE) = gross energy (GE)from food -

A

energy lost in feces

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25
Q

Digestible energy (DE) - energy lost in urine or gas =

A

metabolizable energy (ME)

26
Q

Metabolizable energy (ME) - energy used digesting, absorbing and using food =

A

Net energy (NE)

27
Q

Dogs and cats synthesize vitamin C

T/F

A

true

28
Q

Minerals prevent deficiency syndromes

T/F

A

False-vitamins prevent deficiency syndromes

29
Q

Energy density of a pet food refers to the number of calories provided by the food in weight or volume.
T/F

A

True

30
Q

What percentage of dry food is water?

A

10%

31
Q

What is the calculation for a dogs daily water requirement?

A

1.6 * RER, or 60-80ml/kg per day

32
Q

What is the calculation for a cats daily water requirement?

A

1.3 * RER, or 50ml/kg per day

33
Q

Decreased water is

A

dehydration

34
Q

A nutrient is a substance that provides nourishment essential for ______________ and the maintenance of life.

A

growth

35
Q

What are the three ways that our pets lose water daily?

A

urination, defecation and respiration

36
Q

What percentage of BW is water?

A

50-70%

37
Q

What does a taurine deficiency in cats put them at risk for?

A

cardiac disease and retinal degeneration causing blindness

38
Q

A non-essential amino acid cannot be synthesized by the body and therefore needs to be added to a pets’ diet
T/F

A

False-non essential amino acids are synthesized by the body

39
Q

Amino acids are required to build, repair and ______________ body proteins

A

replace

40
Q

The essential dietary fatty acids in cats and dogs are (2)

A

linoleic and alpha-linolenic

41
Q

The essential dietary fatty acid for cats is from animal sources only and called

A

arachidonic

42
Q

Signs of deficiency in fats would be (4)

A

delayed healing
dry coat
scaly skin
skin infections

43
Q

Fiber is a complex carbohydrate that is not used for energy

T/F

A

True

44
Q

3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol chain are known as

A

triglycerides

45
Q

What is the main function of carbohydrates?

A

To supply energy

46
Q

When used to provided the body its energy needs they allow proteins to be used for growth and repair. What are they?

A

Carbohydrates

47
Q

Proteins are made up of chains of

A

amino acids

48
Q

The primary component of tissues is protein

T/F

A

True

49
Q

Highly digestible protein is digested in the stomach and intestines. Where is low digestible protein exreted?

A

feces

50
Q

What is the most important nutrient

A

Water

51
Q

What macronutrient is essential to survival and is a primary energy source?

A

fat-it also stores energy, provides cell wall structure, helps to form other compounds and signaling agents and hormones

52
Q

Obesity makes it difficult for Veterinary staff to auscultate.
T/F

A

True

53
Q

Increased adipose tissue creates what issue for obese pets?

A

wound infection risks are greater

54
Q

just 10 extra kibbles a day can be equivalent to what?

A

1lb of fat a year

55
Q

How does RER and MER differ?

A

RER is the energy the body needs to maintain life. MER includes energy for activity, gestation, lactation, etc.

56
Q

what percentage of cats and dogs have dental disease by the age of 2

A

70-80%

57
Q

25-50% of tooth support is lost represents which stage of dental disease?

a) Stage I
b) Stage II
c) Stage III
d) Stage IV

A

(c) Stage III

58
Q

what is the name of the instrument used to measure gingival pockets around the tooth

A

periodontal probe

59
Q

how soon does plaque turn into tartar?

A

24-48 hours

60
Q

which of the following requires IV feeding

a) Nasoesophageal
b) gastrostomy
c) jejunostomy
d) esophagostomy
e) parenteral

A

e) parenteral

61
Q

Define cachexia

A

weakness and wasting of the body due to severe chronic illness

Nutrition 1 (3 decks)

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