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Nutrition 1 > Midterm Review Lectures 1-18 > Flashcards

Midterm Review Lectures 1-18 Flashcards

1
Q

Palatability influences how much a pet likes a food. What are the factors that create palatability? (7 choices)

A

odour, temperature, texture, shape, fat, H20, salt

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2
Q

Macronutrients do not supply energy

T/F

A

False-Micronutrients do not supply energy

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3
Q

List the macronutrients (4)

A

Water, proteins, carbohydrates, fats

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4
Q

What are the micronutrients? (2)

A

minerals and vitamins

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5
Q

Water is essential for:

(a) temperature regulation
(b) digestion
(c) metabolic processes
(d) chemical reactions
(e) all of the above

A

(e) all of the above

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6
Q

What are the two fibers?

A

soluble and insoluble

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7
Q

What is the main difference between soluble and insoluble fiber?

A

soluble-holds water, makes feces softer

insoluble-does not absorb, increases fecal bulk

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8
Q

The standard measurement for energy is the kilocalorie.

T/F

A

True-k/cal

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9
Q

What is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water 1 degree Celsius?

A

1 k/cal

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10
Q

List the fat soluble vitamins.

A

A, D, E, K

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11
Q

Water soluble vitamin accumulations can be toxic.

T/F

A

False-these are excreted quickly and are what need to be replenished first when a patient is ill. Fat soluble vitamins are stored in fat and the liver and can accumulate to toxic levels

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12
Q

Cats need what vitamin due to being obligate carnivores?

A

A-this is because they can’t convert carotenoids to vitamin A

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13
Q

Why is a carbohydrate called a carbohydrate?

A

Made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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14
Q

How many essential amino acids does a cat need?

A

11

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15
Q

How many essential amino acids does a dog need?

A

10

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16
Q

Where are carbohydrates found?

A

fruits, grains, vegetables and milk products

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17
Q

A major carbohydrate required by cells is

A

glucose

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18
Q 
What is the chemical symbol for:
Iron
Copper
Manganese
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
A

Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Na, K

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19
Q

How many essential minerals are there?

A

12

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20
Q

The 12 essential minerals are:
Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, I
name them

A

Calcium, Phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium and iodine

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21
Q

Which 6 are macrominerals?

A

Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl

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22
Q

A micromineral is also referred to as a trace mineral.

T/F

A

true and the microminerals are: iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium and iodine

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23
Q

Digestibility is influenced by the quality and processing of nutrients
T/F

A

true

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24
Q

Digestible energy (DE) = gross energy (GE)from food -

A

energy lost in feces

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25
Digestible energy (DE) - energy lost in urine or gas =
metabolizable energy (ME)
26
Metabolizable energy (ME) - energy used digesting, absorbing and using food =
Net energy (NE)
27
Dogs and cats synthesize vitamin C | T/F
true
28
Minerals prevent deficiency syndromes | T/F
False-vitamins prevent deficiency syndromes
29
Energy density of a pet food refers to the number of calories provided by the food in weight or volume. T/F
True
30
What percentage of dry food is water?
10%
31
What is the calculation for a dogs daily water requirement?
1.6 * RER, or 60-80ml/kg per day
32
What is the calculation for a cats daily water requirement?
1.3 * RER, or 50ml/kg per day
33
Decreased water is
dehydration
34
A nutrient is a substance that provides nourishment essential for ______________ and the maintenance of life.
growth
35
What are the three ways that our pets lose water daily?
urination, defecation and respiration
36
What percentage of BW is water?
50-70%
37
What does a taurine deficiency in cats put them at risk for?
cardiac disease and retinal degeneration causing blindness
38
A non-essential amino acid cannot be synthesized by the body and therefore needs to be added to a pets' diet T/F
False-non essential amino acids are synthesized by the body
39
Amino acids are required to build, repair and ______________ body proteins
replace
40
The essential dietary fatty acids in cats and dogs are (2)
linoleic and alpha-linolenic
41
The essential dietary fatty acid for cats is from animal sources only and called
arachidonic
42
Signs of deficiency in fats would be (4)
delayed healing dry coat scaly skin skin infections
43
Fiber is a complex carbohydrate that is not used for energy | T/F
True
44
3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol chain are known as
triglycerides
45
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
To supply energy
46
When used to provided the body its energy needs they allow proteins to be used for growth and repair. What are they?
Carbohydrates
47
Proteins are made up of chains of
amino acids
48
The primary component of tissues is protein | T/F
True
49
Highly digestible protein is digested in the stomach and intestines. Where is low digestible protein exreted?
feces
50
What is the most important nutrient
Water
51
What macronutrient is essential to survival and is a primary energy source?
fat-it also stores energy, provides cell wall structure, helps to form other compounds and signaling agents and hormones
52
Obesity makes it difficult for Veterinary staff to auscultate. T/F
True
53
Increased adipose tissue creates what issue for obese pets?
wound infection risks are greater
54
just 10 extra kibbles a day can be equivalent to what?
1lb of fat a year
55
How does RER and MER differ?
RER is the energy the body needs to maintain life. MER includes energy for activity, gestation, lactation, etc.
56
what percentage of cats and dogs have dental disease by the age of 2
70-80%
57
25-50% of tooth support is lost represents which stage of dental disease? a) Stage I b) Stage II c) Stage III d) Stage IV
(c) Stage III
58
what is the name of the instrument used to measure gingival pockets around the tooth
periodontal probe
59
how soon does plaque turn into tartar?
24-48 hours
60
which of the following requires IV feeding a) Nasoesophageal b) gastrostomy c) jejunostomy d) esophagostomy e) parenteral
e) parenteral
61
Define cachexia
weakness and wasting of the body due to severe chronic illness

Nutrition 1 (3 decks)

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