Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Positioning 2 > Midterm review- image criteria and non routine stuff > Flashcards

Midterm review- image criteria and non routine stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What anatomy are we trying to visualize on an AP axial c-spine?

A

C3 to c7 and surrounding soft tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

On an odontoid (dens) image what should be equidistant from the dens?

A

Lateral masses of atlas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what should be equidistant from the lateral masses??

A

Mandibular rami.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which joint should be open in an odontoid image?

A

Atlantoaxial joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where should the dens be?

A

Middle of the middle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What should appear open on AP Axial Oblique C-spine images?

A

2nd through 7th intervertebral foramina are open, intervertebral disc spaces are open.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which vertebrae are we trying to visualize in AP axial oblique c-spine?

A

C1-T1.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When the patient is in RPO position, which pedicles are in profile? (C-spine oblique)

A

Left.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what parts of the atlas should be seen on ap oblique axial c-spine?

A

Posterior arch and vertebral foramen .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which Projection will show c-spine zygapophyseal joints? Why?

A

Lateral, because zygapophyseal joints in c-spine are perpendicular to the midsagittal plane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what should be seen nicely in profile in lateral c-spine?

A

Spinous processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Should the mandible be superimposing c1 and c2? (C-spine lateral)

A

Nope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Should the posterior arch of c1 and spinous processes of c2 be superimposed by the occipital bone?(c-spine lateral)

A

Nope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What range of anatomy should we see in a lateral c-spine?

A

Sella turcica to t1.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What should appear open on lateral C-spine images?

A

Intervertebral joint spaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What anatomy should be demonstrated in an AP t-spine image?

A

C7 to L1.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which foramina are demonstrated in a lateral T-spine image?

A

Intervertebral foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are in profile in a lateral t-spine?

A

Pedicles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are open in a lateral t-spine?

A

Intervertebral joint spaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how much space is allowed (max) between posterior ribs in a lateral T-spine?

A

1.25 centimeters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What should be included in a lateral t-spine and what should be well demonstrated?

A

C7 to L1 included, T3 or 4 to L1 well demonstrated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What joints should be superimposed in a Swimmer’s projection?

A

Zygapophyseal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the center of the field in a swimmer’s projection, and what is included in the field?

A

T1 is in the centre, c5 to t3 is included.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is included in a Lumbar spine AP projection?

A

T12 to SI joints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where is the marker in an AP lumbar spine projection?

A

Lower lateral corner (at A S I S)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which lumbar spine projection demonstrates both the intervertebral joint spaces and intervertebral foramina?

A

Lateral.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What suggests that there is no rotation in a lateral L-spine image?

A

Superimposition of posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What suggests that there is no tilt in a lateral L-spine image?

A

Superimposition of superior surfaces and inferior surfaces of vertebral bodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is included in lateral l-spine images?

A

T12 to S1 or 2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which projection demonstrates the L-spine zygapophyseal joints?

A

45 degree oblique.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What do we want in the center of an L5 S1 projection?

A

Open L5 S1 intervertebral space.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What should be superimposed in L5 S1 images?

A

L5 pedicles, and pelvic alae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What should not be superimposing the sacrum in an AP Axial Sacrum image?

A

Symph.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What should be aligned with symph in an AP axial sacrum image?

A

Median sacral crest and coccyx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what’s in profile in a lateral sacrum image?

A

Median sacral crest.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

are the alae completely superimposed in a lateral sacrum image?

A

No, nearly.

37
Q

What should be completely superimposed in a lateral sacrum?

A

Greater sciatic notches.

38
Q

What should appear symmetrical in AP Axial S I Joint images?

A

Sacral ala.

39
Q

What should be superimposed over 5th sacral segment in AP axial SI joint?

A

Symph.

40
Q

What should be open in an AP oblique S I Joint projection?

A

SI joint should be open

41
Q

How much superimposition of the illium and sacrum should there be in an AP oblique S I joint projection?

A

None.

42
Q

What’s in the middle of an AP oblique S I joint image?

A

The S I joint.

43
Q

What 4 things should be seen over the heart shadow in a PA oblique R A O sternum?

A

Manubrium, SC joints, sternum, xiphoid.

44
Q

What is at the centre of the field in a PA oblique R A O sternum?

A

Mid sternum.

45
Q

should anything be superimposing the sternum in a lateral sternum image? What should be out of the way?

A

Nope. Anterior ribs and humeral heads out of the way.

46
Q

In an upper rib projection, what should be adjacent to lateral edge of the vertebral column?

A

Medial end of clavicle.

47
Q

What should be moved out of the way of the lung field?

A

Scapula.

48
Q

Which ribs should be seen above diaphragm in upper ribs image?

A

1 to 9.

49
Q

What projection shows off costovertebral joints?

A

Oblique rib.

50
Q

How are axillary ribs demonstrated in an oblique rib image?

A

Without foreshortening.

51
Q

what is the most common of all radiographic procedures?

A

Chest x-ray.

52
Q

What 3 reasons should chest routines be done upright?

A

Prevent blood from pooling in the pulmonary vessels, Allow gravity to pull the diaphragm inferiorly, And Demonstrate air fluid levels.

53
Q

what part of the lung field should be demonstrated in a P A chest image?

A

All of it.

54
Q

What 5 anatomy thingies should be demonstrated in a P A chest?

A

Entire lung field, air filled trachea, hilar region markings, heart and great vessels, bony thorax.

55
Q

what should appear symmetrical on a PA chest image?

A

SC joints and distance from right and left rib margins to spine.

56
Q

How many ribs above the diaphragm on a PA chest?

A

10 posterior ribs.

57
Q

What 2 (3, technically) things are off of the lung field?

A

Chin and scapulae.

58
Q

What can arms superimposing the lateral chest wall mimic?

A

Pleural thickening.

59
Q

where should the 5th to 7th anterior ribs intersect the diaphragm?

A

The midclavicular line.

60
Q

What marker requirements do chest radiographs have?

A

Anatomical marker and arrow or supine or erect marker.

61
Q

What anatomy is demonstrated on a lateral chest x-ray?

A

Entire lung field from apices to costophrenic angles, and from sternum to posterior ribs.

62
Q

What do we want evenly superimposed on a lateral chest x-ray?

A

The anterior ribs and the posterior costophrenic recess.

63
Q

How does the heart appear on an AP supine versus P A erect and why?

A

Larger because of short SID and increased OID

64
Q

How do the lung markings and fields appear on an AP supine versus P A erect?

A

Markings more pronounced, fields will appear whiter.

65
Q

How many posterior ribs can be visualized on an AP supine?

A

Only 8 to 9 because can’t breathe as deep.

66
Q

How do the ribs appear on an AP supine versus P A erect?

A

Less curved.

67
Q

When is full inspiration used in chest x-rays?

A

Routine Chests

68
Q

When are chest x-rays taken on inspiration and expiration?

A

Foreign bodies, pneumothorax, movement of diaphragm, lesion localization.

69
Q

When are chest x-rays taken on expiration?

A

Post lung biopsies.

70
Q

Why do abdomen radiographs need a grid?

A

Scatter.

71
Q

What are the 4 evaluation criteria of upright abdomens?

A

Bilateral diaphragms, as much of lower abdomen as possible, no rotation, spine centered to I R.

72
Q

Why would a left lateral decubitus abdomen be taken?

A

Demonstrates air/fluid levels when an upright abdomen cannot be taken.

73
Q

Where does one center for an L L D abdomen?

A

Midsagittal, 2 inches above iliac crests.

74
Q

How should L L D abdomen images be displayed?

A

Anatomically

75
Q

What is a patient cannot roll onto their side, what is the next best thing for air/fluid in abdomen?

A

Dorsal Decubitus.

76
Q

For supine abdomen image, what must be included inferiorly?

A

Superior rami of symph

77
Q

What differences are there between Hospital C-Spine and Clinic C-Spine Routines?

A

Clinic routine includes AP 15° axial obliques

78
Q

Standard Fuch’s, What is that??

A

If you are unable to demonstrate the odontoid this is another option on aNON-TRAUMA patient.

79
Q

Modified Fuch’s : what is that.

A

As a replacement for odontoid view, can be done supine with the patient in a c-spine collar.

80
Q

What routine isvery similar to c-spine for query foreign body, tissue swelling such as epiglottitis?

A

soft tissue neck, which consists of 15° AP axial and Lateral.

81
Q

How is lateral soft tissue neck different from c-spine?

A

Demonstrates nasopharynx to lung apices, Collimate to exclude eyes, Decreased technique to better visualize soft tissue, Taken on modified Valsalva manouever to demonstrate air in the pharynx and trachea.

82
Q

How is Soft Tissue Neck AP different from AP c-spine :

A

Chin is extended higher than for c-spine AP, Collimate from lower level of nasal bones to sternal angle, taken on modified Valsalva maneuver to demonstrate air in the pharynx and trachea.

83
Q

What are the point of Special Request Lateral c-spine images? What should be ruled out before taking?

A

Hyperflexion Lateral and Hyperextension Lateral are a Functional study, Rule out fracture first.

84
Q

What are Evaluation Criteria forLateral Hyperflexion and Hyperextension c-spine images?

A

C1-C7 visualized, No rotation, Hyperflexion–Spinous processes well separated, Hyperextension–Spinous processes in close proximity, Optimal exposure factors.

85
Q

What are special request lumbar spine positions and what are they for?

A

Hyperflexion and extension. Used to determine amount of movement after a spinal fusion, or to localize a herniated disc.

86
Q

What are routine protocol projections for SC Joints?

A

P A and fifteen degrees p A oblique, bilateral.

87
Q

How should the PA SC joint projection be performed? (center, collimation, position).

A

Upright or prone, center on midsagittal plane 3 inches below vertebra prominens, collimate to include SC joints.

88
Q

How should the PA oblique SC joint projection be performed? (center, position).

A

Rotate MCP until SC joints move off to side away from I R. Center on the jugular notch 3 inches inferior to vertebra prominens.

89
Q

Which SC joint opens in a P A Oblique projection?

A

The one closest to the IR.

Positioning 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions