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Global History I Midterm > Midterm Review Flashcards > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Paleolithic Era

A

Nomadic
Hunt and Gather
Less reliable food source
Healthier
Small Groups

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2
Q

Neolithic Era

A

Settle in once place
Agriculture (farm)
Domesticate animals
Larger groups
More reliable food source
Less healthy
Growth of cities
1st civilizations develop

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3
Q

Early civilizations started in ….

A

River Valleys

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4
Q

Why did early civilizations start on River Valleys?

A

Fertile soil made for good crops

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5
Q

Some examples of River Valley Civilizations are …

A

Mesopotamia
Egypt
China
Indus River Valley

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6
Q

Some innovations that formed in River Valley civilizations were …

A

Irrigation Systems
Terrace Farming (China)

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7
Q

Where was Mesopotamia located

A

Fertile Crescent

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8
Q

Mesopotamia was the …

A

First civilization

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9
Q

Central location leads to trade and ….

A

Cultural Diffusion

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10
Q

Lack of natural barriers lead to …

A

Areas being invaded and controlled

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11
Q

King Hammurabi of Babylon created the first system of …

A

Codified laws

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12
Q

Why did Hammurabi create Hammurabi’s Code?

A

To create social order

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13
Q

Judaism developed in Mesopotamia and was the first … religion

A

Monotheistic

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14
Q

What is monotheism?

A

The belief of one God

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15
Q

What is polytheism?

A

The belief of many Gods

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16
Q

What were the 10 Commandments?

A

Moral code of conduct for Judaism

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17
Q

Jewish Diaspora is when …

A

Babylon conquered Judah and Jewish people held in captivity in Babylon (became more unified & “people of the book”)
When able to leave they spread out & settled in many different places

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18
Q

Classical Civilizations are …

A

Larger empires
More interconnected to each other through trans-regional trade routes
Experiences golden ages
Created innovations that impact later societies and still impact us today

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19
Q

Some examples of Classical Civilizations are …

A

Mauryan Empire
Qin Dynasty
Gupta Empire
Han Dynasty
Ancient Greece
Rome

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20
Q

Golden Ages are …

A

Time periods of innovations and new ideas in art, science, architecture, literature, math and technologies.
Spread to other societies through cultural diffusion.
Impact later societies which build off of those ideas (collective learning)

21
Q

When did the Golden Ages happen?

A

During times of social stability and economic prosperity

22
Q

What was the geography of India?

A

Geography
Seldom united because distance and Deccan plateau.

Himalayan mts. protected and isolated India.

Trade through the Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean Trade Complex)

23
Q

What were the two main religions of India?

A

Hinduism and Buddhism

24
Q

Hinduism:

A

Hinduism
Reincarnation - belief that the soul is reborn into a new body. The better kharma one has the better life they are born into.

25
Q

Caste System:

A

Caste System
ones place in society is determined by their actions in their past life. Rigid social hierarchy (no social mobility)
Determined all aspects of a person’s life

26
Q

Buddhism:

A

Buddhism
Founded by Siddhartha Gautama - The Buddha “Enlightened One” in the 6th century BCE

They followed…
Reincarnation
Four Noble Truths
Eightfold Path - moral code of conduct. Shows how to end
suffering.

Can reach enlightenment through meditation.
Rejects the Caste System.
Spread to China and East Asia through trade routes

27
Q

What was the Mauryan Empire?

A

Strong central government
Built roads which united empire

28
Q

Who was Emperor Ashoka?

A

Emperor Ashoka ruled at its height.
He converted to Buddhism after seeing suffering in war.
Spread Buddhism
Wrote edict enforcing religious tolerance

29
Q

What was the Gupta Empire?

A

Strong central government
Traded on Indian Ocean Trade Complex

30
Q

What was the Golden Age of India?

A

Universities taught math, physics, language and literature
Created number system we use today
Created concept of zero and decimal system
Fell when invaded by the Huns

31
Q

What is the Geography of China?

A

Isolated because of distance and geographic barriers.
Himalayan mountains
Gobi Desert
Created distinct cultures and language.

32
Q

What were the main beliefs of China?

A

Legalism and Confucianism

33
Q

Legalism:

A

Legalism
Subservience to ruling court.
Everyone treated equally under a fixed set of laws.
Laws made public
Follow law = rewarded
break law = harshly punished
Used by the Qin Dynasty to create social stability after the warring states period

34
Q

Confucianism:

A

Confucianism
Founded by Confucius to bring order to society during the warring states period.
Brought order through proper behavior based on your role in society.
Filial Piety - respect for one’s parents, elders and ancestors
5 relationships:
Code of conduct
One’s duty or responsibility
Brought social order
*Basis for the Civil Service tests = becomes ingrained in Chinese society

35
Q

In China, there were two dynasties:

A

Qin and Han

36
Q

Qin Dynasty:

A

Shi Huangdi first emperor of a unified China (after warring states period)
Used Legalism to maintain social order
Authoritarian government
Harsh laws and punishments
People rebelled after his death
Standardized writing system, money, customs, measurements
Started work on the Great Wall of China.
Burned all works of literature & philosophy in order to end dissent

37
Q

Han Dynasty:

A

Mandate of Heaven belief Heaven had chosen the dynasty to rule

Heaven supported dynasty as long as Emperor ruled well

Confucianism became official belief system of the state

Civil service exams government officials got positions because of merit rather than family background or connections
- Test based on Confucianism
Improved canals & roads = more trade
Silk Road linked China and the west
Exported silk
Cultural diffusion
Buddhism came to China
Golden Age
More accurate calendar
Medicine; acupuncture, anesthetics
Most technologically advanced society at the time
Invented; paper, rudder, fishing reel, wheelbarrow, suspension bridges
Fell because high taxes, foreign invasion &emperors lost power

38
Q

Ancient Greece had two city-states:

A

Athens and Sparta

39
Q

Geography of Ancient Greece:

A

Geography
Mountains on 80% of land and many islands lead to Greece developing into independent City-States instead of being united.
Used the seas to trade for what they needed.

40
Q

Golden Age of Greece:

A

Golden Age of Athens
First democracy
Athenian leader Pericles promoted art, literature and philosophy
Architecture; columns
Art; sculpture (realistic and idealistic forms)
Philosophy; Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
Theater; dramas and comedies
Medicine; Hippocratic Oath
Math; Pythagorean Theorem
Alexander the Great spread Greek culture when he expanded his empire.
Creating Hellenistic Culture; blending of Greek, Egyptian, Indian and Persian cultures
Greek knowledge and culture was used and built upon by the Romans

41
Q

Geography of Rome:

A

Geography
Alps protected Rome
Fertile plains on Italian peninsula provided food
Mediterranean sea allowed for trade and expansion of empire

42
Q

Rome:

A

Roman Empire & Pax Romana
Emperor Augustus expanded the Roman Empire and brought in a time of peace and a Roman Golden Age called Pax Romana.

Roman achievements included;
Strong central government able to maintain power over a large empire
Laws (12 tables), strong innoventive military, roads, building projects, free entertainment, allowed conquered people to keep their own religion and culture
Engineering
Roman roads unified empire and maintained power by allowing army to quickly get around
Aqueducts brought fresh water to the cities
Architecture
Pantheon; use of the dome
Coliseum used Greek columns and Roman arches
Used to entertain the people of Rome (bread and circuses)
Art
Inspired by Greek ideas; greater use of realism
Literature
Cicero - Roman senator tried to uphold the ideals of the republic during the civil wars and the final days of the Roman Republic
Virgil - considered Rome’s greatest poet; wrote the Aeneid

43
Q

Christianity of Rome

A

Christianity originated in the Roman Empire in 30 CE
Early christians were persecuted; burned at the stake, feed to the lions.
As more people converted Roman emperors realized it would help them maintain power if there were christian as well.
390 CE Christianity became the official religion of Rome.
Christianity remained powerful in Western Europe even after Rome fell.

44
Q

Cultural Diffusion

A

Cultural Diffusion:
Spread of religions
Buddhism to China
Christianity through Roman empire
Islam to Africa
Exchange of goods
Silk, salt, gold, slaves…
Spread of Ideas/innovations
Gunpower, paper making
Language
Currency

45
Q

Western Empire

A

Western Europe
Dangerous & unstable
Breakdown of central government
Decline of trade
Feudal System emerges
People seek safety with landowners
Manorialism system
Rise in power of Catholic Church

46
Q

Eastern Empire (Byzantine Empire)

A

Byzantine Empire in the east
Strong Central government

Location on the trade networks leads to wealth, interaction and cultural diffusion

Continues to use Greek and Roman knowledge, and builds upon it

Emperor has power over the Eastern Orthodox Church

47
Q

Feudalism

A

Feudalism was a social hierarchy based on land ownership. Serfs worked the land and provided all the food and labor for the upper level of society.

48
Q

Byzantine Empire

A

Location of Constantinople was at the center of two continents and was located on two trade routes. This lead to cultural diffusion and wealth for the Byzantine Empire

Global History I Midterm (1 decks)

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