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Vet 113 > Midterm Review and > Flashcards

Midterm Review and Flashcards

1
Q

Phonation in an animal begins in the?

A

Larynx

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2
Q

The acceptable range of PH in most animals is?

A

7.35-7.45

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3
Q

The upper respiratory tract includes all structures?

A

Outside the lungs

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4
Q

The three main condition functions of all nasal passages are?

A

Warming, humidifying,and filtering air

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5
Q

Sinuses are outpuchings of the?

A

Nasal passages

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6
Q

The opening to the larynx is called the?

A

Glottis

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7
Q

The vocal cords are composed of?

A

Fibrous connective tissue

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8
Q

The tracheal rigs are composed of?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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9
Q

The space between each tracheal ring is composed of?

A

Smooth muscle

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10
Q

The ciliated epithelium that lines the trachea has a layer of—on top to trap foreign debris?

A

Mucus

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11
Q

The trachea splits into two bronchi at the?

A

Bifurcation

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12
Q

The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs across?

A

Two layers of simple squamous epithelium

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13
Q

Which of these species is most prone to asthma attacks?

A

Feline

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14
Q

Which thoracic structure would you find outside the mediastinum?

A

Lungs

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15
Q

The Hilus is found?

A

On the medial surface of each lung

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16
Q

Blood entering the lungs from the heart is dark red because of?

A

The high carbon dioxide content

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17
Q

The unconscious act of breathing is controlled by the respiratory center in the?

A

Brainstem

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18
Q

Antitussives are the best used to treat a?

A

Nonproductive cough

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19
Q

Low blood levels of oxygen can bring on?

A

Sighs

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20
Q

Absence of breathing

A

Apnea

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21
Q

Difficult breathing

A

Dyspnea

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22
Q

Abnormally slow respiratory rate

A

Bradypena

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23
Q

Abnormally fast respiratory rate

A

Tachypnea

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24
Q

Abnormally rapid deep breathing

A

Hyperventilation

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25
Q

Respiration’s near death

A

Agonal breathing

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26
Q

Inadequate supply of oxygen to tissue despite an adequate blood supply

A

Hypoxia

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27
Q

Excessive amount of Co2 in the blood

A

Hypercalcemia

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28
Q

Listening to the organ system with a stethoscope

A

Auscultation

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29
Q

Sense organs contain modified nerve endings called_ that act as sensory receptors

A

Dendrites

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30
Q

Homeostasis is the balance of nutrients and fluids in the body depends on _sensations

A

Visceral

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31
Q

When stretched most hollow organs elicit

A

Pain

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32
Q

The core temp of a cow is taken where

A

Rectum

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33
Q

Which of the following is a special sense

A

Smell

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34
Q

The pain experiencing sense is also known know as the _sense

A

Nociception

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35
Q

The only place in an animals body where there are no pain receptors in the

A

Brain

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36
Q

Modulation of sensory nerve impulses occurs in the

A

Spinal cord

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37
Q

Conscious perception of pain takes place in the

A

Cerebral cortex

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38
Q

Which of the four processes that contribute to pain can be influenced through tx with drugs

A

Modulation

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39
Q

If you flip a dogs paw upside down and it’s immediately returned to normal what sense is this

A

Proprioception

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40
Q

Wind-up if it occurs Is seen in animals

A

After recovery from general anesthesia

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41
Q

Olfactory sensors are found in the

A

Nasal passages

42
Q

The hearing sensory receptors are found in the

A

Inner ear

43
Q

The upper respiratory tract infection will primarily affect the

A

Olfactory sense

44
Q

The part of the ear that is visible on the outside of the animal is the

A

Pinna

45
Q

Another name for the ear drum is the

A

Tympanic membrane

46
Q

The ossicles of the ear link the

A

Tympanic membrane with the cochlea

47
Q

The most medial of the ossicles is the

A

Stapes

48
Q

An ear hematoma associated with otitis externa is most often found?

A

Ok the outside of the pinna

49
Q

The receptor organ of hearing is the

A

Organ of corgi

50
Q

Endolymph is found in the

A

Inner ear

51
Q

Animals hear different frequencies of sound as a result of

A

Different areas of the organ corti being stimulated

52
Q

Patch of sensory epithelium that inform the brain about the position of the head is called the

A

Macula

53
Q

Combustible is primarily responsible for sensing

A

Vestibule

54
Q

Sensory here is that it generate nerve impulses that give the brain information about the head are

A

Modified dendrites

55
Q

The white of the eye is called the

A

Sclera

56
Q

All the light that enters the eye and just for that

A

Cornea

57
Q

An animals eyes glow in the dark when a light is shined on them because of the

A

Tapetum

58
Q

The species that doesn’t have eyes that glow in the dark when a light is shined on them is

A

Porcine

59
Q

The colored part of the eye is the

A

Iris

60
Q

The diaphragm of the eye that controls the amount of light that enters the eye is the

A

Iris

61
Q

Near and far vision are accommodated through the muscles of the

A

Ciliary body

62
Q

The sensory receptors for vision are located in the

A

Retina

63
Q

The most common cause of glaucoma is

A

Insufficient drainage of aqueous humor

64
Q

The — helps focus a clear image on the retina by changing its shape

A

Lens

65
Q

The process of changing the shape of the lens to allow close up and distant vision is called

A

Accommodation

66
Q

When a/an develops the lens become opaque

A

Cataract

67
Q

The blind spot of an eye

A

Optic disc

68
Q

The photo receptors are the most sensitive to light

A

Rods

69
Q

Which part of the eyeball refracts light rays entering the eye the most

A

Lens

70
Q

Where is the Nictitating membrane located

A

Medially between the eyeball and the eyelid

71
Q

Which sensations is a general sensation

A

Pain

72
Q

Which sense depends on mechanical stimulation

A

Hearing

73
Q

Tears are produced by the

A

Lacrimal gland

74
Q

The third eyeball is composed of

A

Cartilage and conjunctiva

75
Q

Excess tears are are initially drained from the surface of the eyes by the

A

Lacrimal puncta

76
Q

Hormones are secreted into

A

The blood stream

77
Q

In order for a hormone to be effective it’s target cell must have a

A

Receptor for the hormone

78
Q

Which type of hormone is synthesized from cholesterol

A

Steroid hormones

79
Q

Negative feedback control of hormone secretion begins when a

A

Rising level is detected by the gland that produced it

80
Q

The endocrine systems works closely with the - to control the intricate parts of the body

A

Nervous system

81
Q

Which gland is the master endocrine gland

A

Pituitary gland

82
Q

When oxytocin is released into the blood stream, what is one of its effects

A

Milk let down

83
Q

Which hormones are responsible for male secondary sex characteristics development

A

Androgens

84
Q

Where is insulin produced

A

Pancreas

85
Q

The target for luteinizing hormone in females is

A

Ovaries

86
Q

Bovine somatotropin (BST) is used to

A

Increase milk production in dairy cows

87
Q

In male follicle-stimulation hormone

A

Stimulates spermatogenesis

88
Q

Dwarfism is a result of

A

GH deficiency

89
Q

In a male prolactin

A

Has no known effect

90
Q

The hormone that results in a rise in blood glucose when it is released into the blood stream is

A

Glucagon

91
Q

The function of ADH is to

A

Conserve water

92
Q

Animals that suffer from a deficiency of ADH are likely to show clinical signs that include

A

Poly uria

93
Q

If a healthy animal is exposed to cold temperatures what happens to production of thyroid hormone

A

It is increased to increase animals metabolic rate

94
Q

How does the metabolic rate effect an animals core temperature

A

As the rate increases so does the animals core temperature

95
Q

Milk fever and eclampsia are two pathologic conditions that result from?

A

Hypocalcemia

96
Q

The term iatrogenic means

A

Cause by treatment

97
Q

Aldosterone helps regulate-levels in the body

A

Electrolyte

98
Q

The fight-or-flight hormones are

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

99
Q

Diabetes mellitus is a disease cause by a deficiency of

A

Insulin

100
Q

The principle androgen produced by the testes is

A

Testosterone

101
Q

The gland that plays a direct role in development of immune system is the

A

Thymus

102
Q

Erythropoietin effects the development of

A

Red blood cells

Vet 113 (1 decks)

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