Midterm Review and Flashcards
1
Q
Phonation in an animal begins in the?
A
Larynx
2
Q
The acceptable range of PH in most animals is?
A
7.35-7.45
3
Q
The upper respiratory tract includes all structures?
A
Outside the lungs
4
Q
The three main condition functions of all nasal passages are?
A
Warming, humidifying,and filtering air
5
Q
Sinuses are outpuchings of the?
A
Nasal passages
6
Q
The opening to the larynx is called the?
A
Glottis
7
Q
The vocal cords are composed of?
A
Fibrous connective tissue
8
Q
The tracheal rigs are composed of?
A
Hyaline cartilage
9
Q
The space between each tracheal ring is composed of?
A
Smooth muscle
10
Q
The ciliated epithelium that lines the trachea has a layer of—on top to trap foreign debris?
A
Mucus
11
Q
The trachea splits into two bronchi at the?
A
Bifurcation
12
Q
The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs across?
A
Two layers of simple squamous epithelium
13
Q
Which of these species is most prone to asthma attacks?
A
Feline
14
Q
Which thoracic structure would you find outside the mediastinum?
A
Lungs
15
Q
The Hilus is found?
A
On the medial surface of each lung
16
Q
Blood entering the lungs from the heart is dark red because of?
A
The high carbon dioxide content
17
Q
The unconscious act of breathing is controlled by the respiratory center in the?
A
Brainstem
18
Q
Antitussives are the best used to treat a?
A
Nonproductive cough
19
Q
Low blood levels of oxygen can bring on?
A
Sighs
20
Q
Absence of breathing
A
Apnea
21
Q
Difficult breathing
A
Dyspnea
22
Q
Abnormally slow respiratory rate
A
Bradypena
23
Q
Abnormally fast respiratory rate
A
Tachypnea
24
Q
Abnormally rapid deep breathing
A
Hyperventilation
25
Respiration’s near death
Agonal breathing
26
Inadequate supply of oxygen to tissue despite an adequate blood supply
Hypoxia
27
Excessive amount of Co2 in the blood
Hypercalcemia
28
Listening to the organ system with a stethoscope
Auscultation
29
Sense organs contain modified nerve endings called_ that act as sensory receptors
Dendrites
30
Homeostasis is the balance of nutrients and fluids in the body depends on _sensations
Visceral
31
When stretched most hollow organs elicit
Pain
32
The core temp of a cow is taken where
Rectum
33
Which of the following is a special sense
Smell
34
The pain experiencing sense is also known know as the _sense
Nociception
35
The only place in an animals body where there are no pain receptors in the
Brain
36
Modulation of sensory nerve impulses occurs in the
Spinal cord
37
Conscious perception of pain takes place in the
Cerebral cortex
38
Which of the four processes that contribute to pain can be influenced through tx with drugs
Modulation
39
If you flip a dogs paw upside down and it’s immediately returned to normal what sense is this
Proprioception
40
Wind-up if it occurs Is seen in animals
After recovery from general anesthesia
41
Olfactory sensors are found in the
Nasal passages
42
The hearing sensory receptors are found in the
Inner ear
43
The upper respiratory tract infection will primarily affect the
Olfactory sense
44
The part of the ear that is visible on the outside of the animal is the
Pinna
45
Another name for the ear drum is the
Tympanic membrane
46
The ossicles of the ear link the
Tympanic membrane with the cochlea
47
The most medial of the ossicles is the
Stapes
48
An ear hematoma associated with otitis externa is most often found?
Ok the outside of the pinna
49
The receptor organ of hearing is the
Organ of corgi
50
Endolymph is found in the
Inner ear
51
Animals hear different frequencies of sound as a result of
Different areas of the organ corti being stimulated
52
Patch of sensory epithelium that inform the brain about the position of the head is called the
Macula
53
Combustible is primarily responsible for sensing
Vestibule
54
Sensory here is that it generate nerve impulses that give the brain information about the head are
Modified dendrites
55
The white of the eye is called the
Sclera
56
All the light that enters the eye and just for that
Cornea
57
An animals eyes glow in the dark when a light is shined on them because of the
Tapetum
58
The species that doesn’t have eyes that glow in the dark when a light is shined on them is
Porcine
59
The colored part of the eye is the
Iris
60
The diaphragm of the eye that controls the amount of light that enters the eye is the
Iris
61
Near and far vision are accommodated through the muscles of the
Ciliary body
62
The sensory receptors for vision are located in the
Retina
63
The most common cause of glaucoma is
Insufficient drainage of aqueous humor
64
The — helps focus a clear image on the retina by changing its shape
Lens
65
The process of changing the shape of the lens to allow close up and distant vision is called
Accommodation
66
When a/an develops the lens become opaque
Cataract
67
The blind spot of an eye
Optic disc
68
The photo receptors are the most sensitive to light
Rods
69
Which part of the eyeball refracts light rays entering the eye the most
Lens
70
Where is the Nictitating membrane located
Medially between the eyeball and the eyelid
71
Which sensations is a general sensation
Pain
72
Which sense depends on mechanical stimulation
Hearing
73
Tears are produced by the
Lacrimal gland
74
The third eyeball is composed of
Cartilage and conjunctiva
75
Excess tears are are initially drained from the surface of the eyes by the
Lacrimal puncta
76
Hormones are secreted into
The blood stream
77
In order for a hormone to be effective it’s target cell must have a
Receptor for the hormone
78
Which type of hormone is synthesized from cholesterol
Steroid hormones
79
Negative feedback control of hormone secretion begins when a
Rising level is detected by the gland that produced it
80
The endocrine systems works closely with the - to control the intricate parts of the body
Nervous system
81
Which gland is the master endocrine gland
Pituitary gland
82
When oxytocin is released into the blood stream, what is one of its effects
Milk let down
83
Which hormones are responsible for male secondary sex characteristics development
Androgens
84
Where is insulin produced
Pancreas
85
The target for luteinizing hormone in females is
Ovaries
86
Bovine somatotropin (BST) is used to
Increase milk production in dairy cows
87
In male follicle-stimulation hormone
Stimulates spermatogenesis
88
Dwarfism is a result of
GH deficiency
89
In a male prolactin
Has no known effect
90
The hormone that results in a rise in blood glucose when it is released into the blood stream is
Glucagon
91
The function of ADH is to
Conserve water
92
Animals that suffer from a deficiency of ADH are likely to show clinical signs that include
Poly uria
93
If a healthy animal is exposed to cold temperatures what happens to production of thyroid hormone
It is increased to increase animals metabolic rate
94
How does the metabolic rate effect an animals core temperature
As the rate increases so does the animals core temperature
95
Milk fever and eclampsia are two pathologic conditions that result from?
Hypocalcemia
96
The term iatrogenic means
Cause by treatment
97
Aldosterone helps regulate-levels in the body
Electrolyte
98
The fight-or-flight hormones are
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
99
Diabetes mellitus is a disease cause by a deficiency of
Insulin
100
The principle androgen produced by the testes is
Testosterone
101
The gland that plays a direct role in development of immune system is the
Thymus
102
Erythropoietin effects the development of
Red blood cells
