midterm review Flashcards
Elevated metabolic rate is a symptom of hypersecretion of growth hormone.
(T/F)
False
Which cells in the anterior pituitary produce hormone and prolactin?
Acidophil cells
You have (In addition to) many endocrine glands, but some organs produce hormones of their own. These endocrine tissues include which two organs?
Heart, Kidney
Besides adult muscle and bone, what other major body organ is a major target for human growth hormone (HGH)?
Liver
What are the two portions of the pituitary glands?
posterior and anterior (OR AKA) neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis
There are two principal types of glands, one releases hormones directly to blood and the other releases hormones via ducts. Which is which?
Endocrine: releases hormones directly to blood
Exocrine: duct
Calcitonin and parathyroid work against one another, which one increases blood calcium and which one decreases blood calcium?
Parathyroid increases blood calcium
Calcitonin decreases blood calcium
Whenever someone hyposecretes growth hormone, this leads to a specific condition. There are two names for this condition; one for adults and one for children. What is this condition?
OR
Hypersecretion of growth hormone and the name of this condition is:
Adults: Acromegaly
Children: Gigantism
The pituitary gland produces multiple hormones, in which lobe in the pituitary gland are oxytocin and antidiuretic hormones stored?
Posterior
Select all the tropic hormones that are produced in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
Thyroid stimulating Follicle stimulating Luteinizing Adrenocorticotropic Growth
Hyposecretion of the hormone insulin or a deficiency of insulin in the body cells result in which condition?
Diabetes mellitus
Which system works in conjunction with the endocrine system? (It helps maintain homeostasis).
Nervous system
Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by thirst and excessive urine output. This is caused by hypersecretion of which hormone?
ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone)
Aldosterone decreases sodium excretion from the body to help conserve water.
(T/F)
True
These two hormones work against each other. Insulin is going to do what to blood sugar levels, while glucagon is going to do what to blood sugar levels?
Insulin decreases blood sugar levels
Glucagon increases blood sugar levels
Action potentials from the hypothalamic neurons cause the release of which hormone?
Oxytocin
Which region of the brain is immediately associated with the pituitary gland and its hormones?
Hypothalamus
This type of gland is ductless and empties its hormones into the extracellular fluid in through which it enters through the blood.
Endocrine
The anterior pituitary gland is referred to the master endocrine gland because it controls the activity of many other endocrine glands.
(T/F)
True
This gland is composed of two lobes and located in the neck just inferior to the larynx.
Parathyroid glands are situated in the neck and control the levels of calcium in the blood.
The gonads are considered to be both endocrine and exocrine glands.
(T/F)
True
Name the master gland.
Anterior pituitary gland
Leukemia is a normal homeostatic response to sickness.
T/F
False
Which formed element functions in homeostasis and clotting?
Thrombocyte
What are the proteins that determine blood type?
Antigens, agglutinogens
What is the name of the condition in which the blood exhibits a low carrying capacity?
Anemia
Which blood types can receive type AB blood?
AB
Which cells in the blood are involved with immunity and which cells in the blood are involved with gas transport?
Leukocytes (immunity)
Erythrocytes (gas transport)
Which blood type is the universal blood recipient and which blood type is the universal blood donor?
Universal Blood Donor: O-
Universal Blood Recipient: AB+
Type B blood can receive two types of blood. Which are they?
B and O
The RH factor is based on the presence of which antigen?
D antigen
What chemical is present in the granules of a basophil?
Histamine
Name the formed elements of blood.
Leukocytes
Erythrocytes
Platelets
What is the medication given to RH- mothers to prevent erythroblastosis fetalis?
RhoGam
Which leukocytes attack parasitic worms and are involved in allergic reactions?
Eosinophils
What is the main function of erythrocytes (RBC)?
To transport oxygen
What is the most common white blood cell in the blood?
Neutrophil
Antibodies determine a person’s blood type.
T/F
False
The RH factor gives the classification of positive or negative in a person’s blood type.
(T/F)
True
Antibodies act against red blood cells carrying antigens that are not present on a person’s own red blood cell.
(T/F)
True
The stage at the cardiac cycle during which the ventricles relax is called?
Diastole
An abnormal heart sound that indicates a heart valve problem is called?
Murmur
A normal human heart has an average heart rate of how many beats per minute?
75 bpm
The alternating pressure that surges in an artery that occurs when the heart contracts and then relaxes is called a ___.
Pulse
Define Auscultation:
Auscultation is the medical term for using a stethoscope to listen to the sounds inside of your body.
This is defined as the sequence of events during which the atria and the ventricles will both contract then relax in one heartbeat.
Cardiac cycle
The stage of the cardiac cycle during which the ventricles contract is called?
Systole
Which valve would best be heart by placing the stethoscope on the top right corner?
Tricuspid valve
High blood pressure is known as what condition?
Hypertension
Lub is associated with the closing of which valves?
AV valves
From the AV Node the impulse slowed to where?
AV bundle
Low blood pressure is known as?
Hypotension
Dub is the heart sound associated with the closing of which valve?
Semilunar
Blood pressure is usually measured in the veins?
T/F
False, measured in arteries
The SA Node is considered the pacemaker of the heart because it starts the impulse to contraction.
(T/F)
True
The atria is repolarized during which complex?
QRS
The P-Wave represents what depolarization?
Atrial
The left side of the heart blood will flow from the left atria to the valve through the left ventricle. What is the name of this valve?
Bicuspid or mitral valve
The largest artery of the human body is called the ___.
Aorta
What are the two chambers that are responsible for pumping the blood towards the body and towards the lungs?
Right and Left Ventricle
The two chambers that pump blood out of the heart are called?
Right and Left Ventricle
Which are the largest veins of the body?
Superior and Inferior vena cava
The standard definition of an artery states that arteries carry blood ___ from the heart.
Away
The veins carry blood _____ the heart.
Towards
Regarding gas exchange, the arteries within pulmonary circulation carry what type of blood? Oxygenated or deoxygenated?
Deoxygenated
In systemic circulation arteries carry oxygen-poor blood.
T/F
False
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
Right side of the heart, Between the right atrium and right ventricle
What is the function of the AV/Semilunar valves?
To prevent backflow of blood
What is the muscular layer of the heart called?
Myocardium
In pulmonary circulation veins carry oxygen rich blood.
T/F
True
