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A&P II Lab > midterm review > Flashcards

midterm review Flashcards

1
Q

Elevated metabolic rate is a symptom of hypersecretion of growth hormone.
(T/F)

A

False

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2
Q

Which cells in the anterior pituitary produce hormone and prolactin?

A

Acidophil cells

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3
Q

You have (In addition to) many endocrine glands, but some organs produce hormones of their own. These endocrine tissues include which two organs?

A

Heart, Kidney

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4
Q

Besides adult muscle and bone, what other major body organ is a major target for human growth hormone (HGH)?

A

Liver

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5
Q

What are the two portions of the pituitary glands?

A

posterior and anterior (OR AKA) neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis

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6
Q

There are two principal types of glands, one releases hormones directly to blood and the other releases hormones via ducts. Which is which?

A

Endocrine: releases hormones directly to blood

Exocrine: duct

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7
Q

Calcitonin and parathyroid work against one another, which one increases blood calcium and which one decreases blood calcium?

A

Parathyroid increases blood calcium

Calcitonin decreases blood calcium

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8
Q

Whenever someone hyposecretes growth hormone, this leads to a specific condition. There are two names for this condition; one for adults and one for children. What is this condition?
OR
Hypersecretion of growth hormone and the name of this condition is:

A

Adults: Acromegaly

Children: Gigantism

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9
Q

The pituitary gland produces multiple hormones, in which lobe in the pituitary gland are oxytocin and antidiuretic hormones stored?

A

Posterior

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10
Q

Select all the tropic hormones that are produced in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

A 
Thyroid stimulating
Follicle stimulating 
Luteinizing
Adrenocorticotropic
Growth
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11
Q

Hyposecretion of the hormone insulin or a deficiency of insulin in the body cells result in which condition?

A

Diabetes mellitus

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12
Q

Which system works in conjunction with the endocrine system? (It helps maintain homeostasis).

A

Nervous system

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13
Q

Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by thirst and excessive urine output. This is caused by hypersecretion of which hormone?

A

ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone)

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14
Q

Aldosterone decreases sodium excretion from the body to help conserve water.
(T/F)

A

True

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15
Q

These two hormones work against each other. Insulin is going to do what to blood sugar levels, while glucagon is going to do what to blood sugar levels?

A

Insulin decreases blood sugar levels

Glucagon increases blood sugar levels

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16
Q

Action potentials from the hypothalamic neurons cause the release of which hormone?

A

Oxytocin

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17
Q

Which region of the brain is immediately associated with the pituitary gland and its hormones?

A

Hypothalamus

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18
Q

This type of gland is ductless and empties its hormones into the extracellular fluid in through which it enters through the blood.

A

Endocrine

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19
Q

The anterior pituitary gland is referred to the master endocrine gland because it controls the activity of many other endocrine glands.
(T/F)

A

True

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20
Q

This gland is composed of two lobes and located in the neck just inferior to the larynx.

A

Parathyroid glands are situated in the neck and control the levels of calcium in the blood.

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21
Q

The gonads are considered to be both endocrine and exocrine glands.
(T/F)

A

True

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22
Q

Name the master gland.

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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23
Q

Leukemia is a normal homeostatic response to sickness.

T/F

A

False

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24
Q

Which formed element functions in homeostasis and clotting?

A

Thrombocyte

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25
Q

What are the proteins that determine blood type?

A

Antigens, agglutinogens

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26
Q

What is the name of the condition in which the blood exhibits a low carrying capacity?

A

Anemia

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27
Q

Which blood types can receive type AB blood?

A

AB

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28
Q

Which cells in the blood are involved with immunity and which cells in the blood are involved with gas transport?

A

Leukocytes (immunity)

Erythrocytes (gas transport)

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29
Q

Which blood type is the universal blood recipient and which blood type is the universal blood donor?

A

Universal Blood Donor: O-

Universal Blood Recipient: AB+

30
Q

Type B blood can receive two types of blood. Which are they?

A

B and O

31
Q

The RH factor is based on the presence of which antigen?

A

D antigen

32
Q

What chemical is present in the granules of a basophil?

A

Histamine

33
Q

Name the formed elements of blood.

A

Leukocytes
Erythrocytes
Platelets

34
Q

What is the medication given to RH- mothers to prevent erythroblastosis fetalis?

A

RhoGam

35
Q

Which leukocytes attack parasitic worms and are involved in allergic reactions?

A

Eosinophils

36
Q

What is the main function of erythrocytes (RBC)?

A

To transport oxygen

37
Q

What is the most common white blood cell in the blood?

A

Neutrophil

38
Q

Antibodies determine a person’s blood type.

T/F

A

False

39
Q

The RH factor gives the classification of positive or negative in a person’s blood type.
(T/F)

A

True

40
Q

Antibodies act against red blood cells carrying antigens that are not present on a person’s own red blood cell.
(T/F)

A

True

41
Q

The stage at the cardiac cycle during which the ventricles relax is called?

A

Diastole

42
Q

An abnormal heart sound that indicates a heart valve problem is called?

A

Murmur

43
Q

A normal human heart has an average heart rate of how many beats per minute?

A

75 bpm

44
Q

The alternating pressure that surges in an artery that occurs when the heart contracts and then relaxes is called a ___.

A

Pulse

45
Q

Define Auscultation:

A

Auscultation is the medical term for using a stethoscope to listen to the sounds inside of your body.

46
Q

This is defined as the sequence of events during which the atria and the ventricles will both contract then relax in one heartbeat.

A

Cardiac cycle

47
Q

The stage of the cardiac cycle during which the ventricles contract is called?

A

Systole

48
Q

Which valve would best be heart by placing the stethoscope on the top right corner?

A

Tricuspid valve

49
Q

High blood pressure is known as what condition?

A

Hypertension

50
Q

Lub is associated with the closing of which valves?

A

AV valves

51
Q

From the AV Node the impulse slowed to where?

A

AV bundle

52
Q

Low blood pressure is known as?

A

Hypotension

53
Q

Dub is the heart sound associated with the closing of which valve?

A

Semilunar

54
Q

Blood pressure is usually measured in the veins?

T/F

A

False, measured in arteries

55
Q

The SA Node is considered the pacemaker of the heart because it starts the impulse to contraction.
(T/F)

A

True

56
Q

The atria is repolarized during which complex?

A

QRS

57
Q

The P-Wave represents what depolarization?

A

Atrial

58
Q

The left side of the heart blood will flow from the left atria to the valve through the left ventricle. What is the name of this valve?

A

Bicuspid or mitral valve

59
Q

The largest artery of the human body is called the ___.

A

Aorta

60
Q

What are the two chambers that are responsible for pumping the blood towards the body and towards the lungs?

A

Right and Left Ventricle

61
Q

The two chambers that pump blood out of the heart are called?

A

Right and Left Ventricle

62
Q

Which are the largest veins of the body?

A

Superior and Inferior vena cava

63
Q

The standard definition of an artery states that arteries carry blood ___ from the heart.

A

Away

64
Q

The veins carry blood _____ the heart.

A

Towards

65
Q

Regarding gas exchange, the arteries within pulmonary circulation carry what type of blood? Oxygenated or deoxygenated?

A

Deoxygenated

66
Q

In systemic circulation arteries carry oxygen-poor blood.

T/F

A

False

67
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve located?

A

Right side of the heart, Between the right atrium and right ventricle

68
Q

What is the function of the AV/Semilunar valves?

A

To prevent backflow of blood

69
Q

What is the muscular layer of the heart called?

A

Myocardium

70
Q

In pulmonary circulation veins carry oxygen rich blood.

T/F

A

True

A&P II Lab (1 decks)

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