Midterm Review

Question 1

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 1

Dutch amateur microscope builder

Observed animalcules

Question 2

Lucretius

Answer 2

Disease caused by tiny invisible creatures

Question 3

Aristotle

Answer 3

Spontaneous generation

Prevailing concept for 2000 years

Question 4

Francesco Redi

Answer 4

Chessecloth over meat did not develop maggots

Question 5

John Needham

Answer 5

Boiled broth sealed into flasks still became turbid

Question 6

Lazzaro Spallanzi

Answer 6

Sealed flasks of broth that were boiled did not become turbid
Perhaps air was required for microbes to grow

Question 7

Louis Pasteur

Answer 7

First to connect cause (microorganisms) and effect (disease, growth, metabolic products)
Responsible for:
- Discovering fermentation
- Determining the nature of disease
- Disproving spontaneous generation

Question 8

Spirochetes

Answer 8

Twizzler-like

Question 9

Cocci

Answer 9

Spheres

Question 10

Staphlyo

Answer 10

clusters

Question 11

Strepto

Answer 11

chains

Question 12

Sarcina

Answer 12

tetrads

Question 13

Diplo

Answer 13

pairs

Question 14

Filamentous

Answer 14

Caudobacter
Found in freshwater
Ancient

Question 15

Vibrio

Answer 15

bent rod

Question 16

Morphogenesis

Answer 16

change in shape

Question 17

Monomorphic

Answer 17

one shape

found in most pure cultures

Question 18

Pleomorphic

Answer 18

multiple shapes
changes with growth (cells become smaller as they age)
due to environmental cues (sporulation - nutrient limitation)