MIDTERM REVIEW Flashcards
The 8 Mass Media Industries:
- Books:
- Newspapers:
- Magazines:
- Recordings
- Radio
- Movies
- Television
- The Internet
(Mass Communication) is:
COMMUNICATION from ONE PERSON to GROUP OF PEOPLE THROUGH TRANSMITING DEVICE/MEDIUM to (LARGE AUDIENCE)
A (MEDIUM) is:
the MEANS by which a (MESSAGES) reaches the audience. Also, it is the singular form of the word “media.” In turn, “media,” is the plural word for “medium.” /
The Communication Process: AND THE (3) Ways to DESCRIBE how we COMMUNICATE
1.) (Intra)personal Communication:
communication within ONE PERSON.
- ) (Inter)personal Communication: communication between TWO PEOPLE. This can be EVOKED BY:
- speech,
- body language,
- eye contact,
- smell,
- touch.
3.) Mass Communication: communication from ONE PERSON to GROUP OF PEOPLE THROUGH TRANSMITING DEVICE/MEDIUM to (LARGE AUDIENCE)
The (3) most important concepts to remember about all mass media industries:
- ) The mass media are profit centered businesses.
- ) Technological developments change the way mass media is delivered and consumed.
3.) Mass media BOTH REFLECTS and AFFECTS:
o Politics
o Society
o Culture
Selective Perception:
The concept that EACH PERSON (PROCESSES MESSAGES) from the MASS MEDIA (DIFFERENTLY) BY (OPPOSING other VIEWPOINTS.
(THE PRINTING PRESS)
the Second Information Communications Revolution:
- As societies grew more literate the demand for books grew, but a scribe could only copy one book at a time.
- Germany, 1455, Johannes Gutenberg
invented a print press that used movable
type and copied the Bible. - The Gutenberg Bible is considered the first book printed by movable type face. 47 copies still survive today (one in Harvard’s Widener Library).
The (BAY PSALM BOOK) America’s first Print Press:
- The 1ST BOOKS IN AMERICA were IMPORTS FROM ENGLAND after the settlers had settled in.
- The 1ST PRINT PRESS was SET UP in:
(1638 IN CAMBRIDGE, MASS)
- 1640 they printed the first book in America, “The Bay Psalm Book.” With only 3,500 families in the colonies, the book became an instant success as all 1,750 copies of the book sold. 1680 - Boston had 17 booksellers
Benjamin Franklin IMPORTANCE OF WHO HE IS AND WHAT HE DID
- 1731 - Franklin setup Philadelphia’s first library by
asking 50 subscribers to pay 40 shillings a piece.
With the money from the subscribers he imported
84 books that circulated among the subscribers. - 1732 - Franklin published his own book, “Poor
Richard’s Almanack.” This made him unique as a
Publisher UNIQUE , who also wrote. Most publishers sought
out writers, while writers had to find patrons to
pay for the publishing of their books.
(EARLY COLONIAL POLITICAL PAMPHLETS)
(THOMAS PAINE’S) “COMMON SENSE” was PUBLISHED over (100,000 times)
from (JANUARY- MARCH 1776) That’s one copy for every 25 people
in America at the time.
INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT LAW of (1891)
ALL AUTHORS, AMERICA or FORGIN, were now REQUIRE to give PERMISSION to (PUBLISHERS) for their WORK to be (SOLD + PUBLSISHED)
This meant for the 1st TIME in HISTORY there was the SAME COST for PUBLISHERS to PUBLISH (AMERICAN AUTHORS) as it was foreign
ones. 1894 was the first year America published more American authors then they did non-American authors.
COMPULSORY EDUCATION
(BY 1900), 31 states had PASSED (COMPULSORY EDUCATION LAWS) Widespread public school
systems DROVE a demand for more text books.
Additionally, public support for education meant
more money for libraries. Both of the these things
were great news for the publishing industry.
The publishing industry categorizes books intro one of (3) major markets:
1.) ADULT AND JUVENILE TRADE BOOKS:
INCLUDES:
- fiction, -non-fiction, - biographies, - literary
- classics, - cookbooks, - art books, - books on
sports, - music, - drama, - and poetry.
Usually sold in bookstores and to libraries.
2.) TEXTBOOKS: books made for - elementary and
- secondary school students, as well as
college students. In most colleges, students
pay for books, but the professors choose
them… hmm. BOOKS MADE FOR STUDENTS
3.) PROFESSIONAL and SCHOLARLY BOOKS:
PRs specific reference books (i.e.
medical encyclopedias, - auto repair books) - educational case studies and - doctrines.
Consolidation and the Demand for
Higher Profits:
When (INDUSTRIES) CONSOLIDATE in (OWNERSHIP) there is a DEMAND to drive profits up: There are (3 MAJOR BOOK) major ways book publishers look for profits:
1) Subsidiary and international rights.
2) Blockbuster books.
3) Chain and Internet marketing.
Agenda Setting Function of the Mass Media:
“In choosing and displaying news, editors, newsroom staff, and broadcasters play an important part in shaping political reality. Readers learn not only about a given issue, but
also how much importance to attach to that issue from the amount of information in a news story and its position. In reflecting what candidates are saying during a campaign,
the mass media may well determine the important issues that is, the media may set the “agenda”of the campaign.” - Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw, 1972.
Agenda Setting Theory:
-is the idea that mass media sets the public agenda. They might nottell us what to think, but they do tell us what
to think about by their choices of what stories
to cover.
Practiced by - Television, - Radio, and - Magazines
as well, - newspapers were the first to practice
in this in.
