Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

Representative Democracy

A

A system of government in which all eligible citizens vote on representatives to pass laws for them.

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2
Q

Direct democracy

A

All eligible citizens vote on every issue

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3
Q

Legitimacy

A

The right and acceptance of an authority, usually a governing law

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4
Q

Government

A

The system by which a State or community is managed

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5
Q

Categorical grants

A

Grants issued by the United States Congress for define purposes such as Medicaid and Headstart.

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6
Q

Grants in aid

A

Funding from central government given to a local government, and institution, or a particular scholar for a project

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7
Q

Plurality votes

A

Less than 50% of votes but more than any other candidate

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8
Q

Natural rights

A

Locke; “Life, liberty, and property.”

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9
Q

Social contract

A

Hobbes, Locke, rousseau; An agreement for mutual benefit between society and the government or community as a whole, also regulate the relations.

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10
Q

Liberalism

A

Liberals believe that government is necessary to protect individuals from being harmed by others; but they also believe government itself can pose a threat to liberty

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11
Q

American Revolution

A

A colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783, the 13 colonies won independence from Great Britain.

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12
Q

Federalism

A

The distribution of power in an organization between a central authority

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13
Q

Dual Federalism

A

Power is divided between the federal and state government with clearly defined terms, states exercise those powers without interference from federal government

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14
Q

Exclusive Powers

A

Certain powers that only the national government has

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15
Q

Reserved Powers

A

Send powers that only the state governments have

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16
Q

Concurrent Powers

A

Powers that are shared by both state and federal government such as regulating elections, taxing

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17
Q

Virginia Plan

A

James Madison 1787, proposal for a new form of government and called for the number of votes each state received in Congress to be based on the population rather than each state receiving one vote, to protect the larger states.

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18
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

William Paterson 1787, legislature that each state have the same number of representatives, small states to have the same level of power and legislatures larger states

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19
Q

The great compromise

A

Roger Sherman, proportional representation in the house, and one representative per state and the Senate

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20
Q

The 1787 constitutional convention

A

Delegates worked out a series of compromises between the competing plans. Powers were granted to Congress to regulate the economy powers were also denied

21
Q

Articles of confederation

A

The first constitution of the United States adopted in 1777 and ratified in 1781. The articles gave most powerful state governments causing a weak central government.

22
Q

Federalist papers

A

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and Johnjay as he is promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution

23
Q

The anti federalist papers

A

Founding fathers defended the concept of a strong central government with their arguments in favor of the constitution

24
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A

James w McCulloch argued prohibitive tax on the bank notes. This case asserted national supremacy via state action in areas of constitutionally granted authority.

25
Elastic clause
I statement in the Constitution granting the Congress power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out their enumerated list of powers
26
Dred Scott decision
Supreme Court decided that African-Americans were not citizens of United States and free states were unconstitutional. This decision I need fuel for the civil war
27
Brown v. Board of education
A landmark case in which the court declared it separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional
28
Map v. Ohio
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in a 5-3 vote in favor of Mapp. The high court said evidence seized unlawfully, without a search warrant, could not be used in criminal prosecutions in state courts.
29
Barron v. Baltimore
Do United States Supreme Court established that individual citizens property was not susceptible to the regulation of the fifth amendment protecting property
30
Gibbons v. Ogden
Any state law regulating is the commercial activities could potential he be overturned by Congress if the activity was somehow connected to interstate commerce
31
Schenck v. US
Free-speech is limited, clear and present danger not allowed
32
New York Times V. Sullivan
Malice must be involved for libel
33
Miranda V. Arizona
If you're accusing must be read your rights
34
Civil liberties
State of being subject only to laws established for good of the community
35
Exclusionary rule
Allow that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial
36
Roe v. Wade
Woman has total a Tonna me over the pregnancy during the first trimester ends of the state to decide for the second and third trimesters
37
13th amendment
End of slavery
38
14th amendment
Equal protection clause
39
15th
Blacks able to vote
40
New England in town meetings
17th century, most or all of the members of a community come together to legislate policy and budgets for local government
41
19th amendment
Woman's suffrage
42
Strict scrutiny
A form of judicial review that courts used to determine the constitutionality of certain laws
43
Roles of the media
Gatekeeper Scorekeeper Watchdog
44
Interest groups
Organization of people who share a common interest and work together to protect and promote the interest by influencing the government
45
Federal mandates vs. conditions of aid
With a mandate the federal government tells the state government what it must do if it wants a grant
46
Affirmative-action
Action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination
47
Public opinion
Desires wants and thinking of the majority of the people
48
Political socialization
A lifelong process by which people form their ideas about politics and acquire political values