Midterm Review Flashcards
Representative Democracy
A system of government in which all eligible citizens vote on representatives to pass laws for them.
Direct democracy
All eligible citizens vote on every issue
Legitimacy
The right and acceptance of an authority, usually a governing law
Government
The system by which a State or community is managed
Categorical grants
Grants issued by the United States Congress for define purposes such as Medicaid and Headstart.
Grants in aid
Funding from central government given to a local government, and institution, or a particular scholar for a project
Plurality votes
Less than 50% of votes but more than any other candidate
Natural rights
Locke; “Life, liberty, and property.”
Social contract
Hobbes, Locke, rousseau; An agreement for mutual benefit between society and the government or community as a whole, also regulate the relations.
Liberalism
Liberals believe that government is necessary to protect individuals from being harmed by others; but they also believe government itself can pose a threat to liberty
American Revolution
A colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783, the 13 colonies won independence from Great Britain.
Federalism
The distribution of power in an organization between a central authority
Dual Federalism
Power is divided between the federal and state government with clearly defined terms, states exercise those powers without interference from federal government
Exclusive Powers
Certain powers that only the national government has
Reserved Powers
Send powers that only the state governments have
Concurrent Powers
Powers that are shared by both state and federal government such as regulating elections, taxing
Virginia Plan
James Madison 1787, proposal for a new form of government and called for the number of votes each state received in Congress to be based on the population rather than each state receiving one vote, to protect the larger states.
New Jersey Plan
William Paterson 1787, legislature that each state have the same number of representatives, small states to have the same level of power and legislatures larger states
The great compromise
Roger Sherman, proportional representation in the house, and one representative per state and the Senate
The 1787 constitutional convention
Delegates worked out a series of compromises between the competing plans. Powers were granted to Congress to regulate the economy powers were also denied
Articles of confederation
The first constitution of the United States adopted in 1777 and ratified in 1781. The articles gave most powerful state governments causing a weak central government.
Federalist papers
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and Johnjay as he is promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution
The anti federalist papers
Founding fathers defended the concept of a strong central government with their arguments in favor of the constitution
McCulloch v. Maryland
James w McCulloch argued prohibitive tax on the bank notes. This case asserted national supremacy via state action in areas of constitutionally granted authority.
Elastic clause
I statement in the Constitution granting the Congress power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out their enumerated list of powers
Dred Scott decision
Supreme Court decided that African-Americans were not citizens of United States and free states were unconstitutional. This decision I need fuel for the civil war
Brown v. Board of education
A landmark case in which the court declared it separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional
Map v. Ohio
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in a 5-3 vote in favor of Mapp. The high court said evidence seized unlawfully, without a search warrant, could not be used in criminal prosecutions in state courts.
Barron v. Baltimore
Do United States Supreme Court established that individual citizens property was not susceptible to the regulation of the fifth amendment protecting property
Gibbons v. Ogden
Any state law regulating is the commercial activities could potential he be overturned by Congress if the activity was somehow connected to interstate commerce
Schenck v. US
Free-speech is limited, clear and present danger not allowed
New York Times V. Sullivan
Malice must be involved for libel
Miranda V. Arizona
If you’re accusing must be read your rights
Civil liberties
State of being subject only to laws established for good of the community
Exclusionary rule
Allow that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial
Roe v. Wade
Woman has total a Tonna me over the pregnancy during the first trimester ends of the state to decide for the second and third trimesters
13th amendment
End of slavery
14th amendment
Equal protection clause
15th
Blacks able to vote
New England in town meetings
17th century, most or all of the members of a community come together to legislate policy and budgets for local government
19th amendment
Woman’s suffrage
Strict scrutiny
A form of judicial review that courts used to determine the constitutionality of certain laws
Roles of the media
Gatekeeper
Scorekeeper
Watchdog
Interest groups
Organization of people who share a common interest and work together to protect and promote the interest by influencing the government
Federal mandates vs. conditions of aid
With a mandate the federal government tells the state government what it must do if it wants a grant
Affirmative-action
Action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination
Public opinion
Desires wants and thinking of the majority of the people
Political socialization
A lifelong process by which people form their ideas about politics and acquire political values
