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World Geography Midterm > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

Latitude

A

The angular distance of a place north or south of the equator

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2
Q

Debt for nature swap

A

a transaction in which a foreign exchange debt owed by a developing country is transferred to another organization on the condition that the country use local currency for a designated purpose, usually environmental protection.

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3
Q

Global warming

A

Gradual increase in the average temperature of the earths atmosphere and its oceans

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4
Q

Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest

A

During the past 40 years, close to 20% of the Amazon rainforest has been cut down, scientists fear that an additional 20% of the trees will be cut down in the next two decades

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5
Q

Reasons to preserve the Amazon rainforest

A

Rainforests are often called the lungs of the planet because of their role in absorbing carbon dioxide, a greenhouse effect, and producing oxygen, which animals depend on for survival

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6
Q

Brazils population

A

Brazil has an estimated 2016 population of 209.5 million up from less than 6 years prior

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7
Q

Prime meridian

A

vertical line that marks the zero degree longitude on the globe

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8
Q

Equator

A

Imaginary line on earths surface from north to South Pole. Divides earth into northern and Southern Hemisphere

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9
Q

Income gap

A

Economic inequality between various groups

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10
Q

Innovation

A

Application of better solution that meets new or existing requirements

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11
Q

Nation

A

Community of people who share a common language, culture , ethnicity, or history

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12
Q

State

A

Organized community under a single political structure

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13
Q

Population pyramid analysis

A

Graphical representation of distribution of age groups in population that has shape of pyramid due to growth

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14
Q

Population density

A

Measure of population per unit area or unit volume

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15
Q

Metropolitan area

A

Region of densely populated urban core

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16
Q 
Economic systems:
Command
Market
Mixed
Subsistence
A

System of production, resource allocation, and distribution of goods and services. Categories

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17
Q

Fertility rate

A

Average number of children born to a women in her lifetime

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18
Q

Birth rate

A

Number of live births per 1000 population

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19
Q

Population growth

A

Increase in number of individuals in population

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20
Q

Rate of natural increase

A

Birth rate minus death rate

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21
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

Number of infant (under one year age) deaths per 1000

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22
Q

Mortality rate

A

Number of deaths per 1000 population

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23
Q

Central business district

A

Business center of a city

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24
Q

Carrying capacity

A

Maximum population size an environment can sustain indefinitely given necessities available

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25
Per capita income
Average income earned per person in a given area in a year
26
Convection
Collective movement of groups of molecules within fluids
27
Greenhouse effects
Process by which radiation from planets atmosphere warms the planets surface above what it would be without its atmosphere
28
Tundra
Biome where tree growth is hindered. But low temperature and short growing season
29
Permafrost
Ground at or below zero / the freezing point of water for two or more years
30
Cuba economic decline
The time when income and economic strength deteriorated in Cuba
31
Tectonic plate movement
Large scale motion of seven large plates over last 100 million years
32
Faults
Rock fractures that show signs of movement
33
Ring of fire
Area where large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur around the Pacific
34
Mechanical weathering
Breaking down of rocks soil minerals as well as artificial material through contact with the earths atmosphere biota and waters
35
Chemical weathering
Breaking down of rock when come in contact with chemicals
36
Geography
Study of lands features inhabitants and phenomena of the earth
37
Topographic map
A medium to large scale map that shows a precise map of the terrain
38
Globe
Scale model of a celestial body
39
Map projections
Representation of the surface of a sphere or ellipsis onto a plane map
40
Geographic information systems
Spatial data information systems
41
Biosphere
Global sum of all ecosystem
42
Biome
Contiguous area with similar climatic conditions
43
Diffusion
Random movement.
44
Acculturation
Process of cultural change and psychologies change after cultures meet
45
Winter solstice
Start of winter. Shortest day of year
46
Summer solstice
Start of summer. Longest day of year
47
Spring equinox
Sun is directly above earths equator
48
Fall equinox
Day and night equal duration. Start of fall season
49
Remittance
Transfer of money by foreign worker to family member in home county
50
Immigration and emigration
Movement of people into a country | Movement of people out of a country
51
Atmosphere
Layer of gasses surrounding a material body
52
Lithosphere
Rigid outermost she'll of a rocky planet
53
Ethnocentrism
Judging another culture solely on values and standards of ones own culture
54
Columbian exchange
Biological exchange across Atlantic Ocean
55
Demographic
Population and structure within a development
56
Gross domestic product
Market value of goods and services produced in a country
57
Latin America over population
Higher than global population rate in Latin American countries
58
Oligarchy
Power structure
59
Land reform
Changing of laws around land ownership
60
Junta
Military governments
61
Democracy
Government by the whole population where all individuals elect representation
62
Caudillo
Latin American military dictator
63
Mexican culture
Blend if Spanish and native Mexican Indian
64
Caribbean culture
Blend of colonial and East Indian and Africans some British influence as well as Spanish
65
Hurricane effects in Caribbean
Hurricanes do severe damage to islands in Caribbean due to their poor infrastructure these storms cause economic problems due to rebuilding costs.
66
Panama Canal
Artificial 48 mile waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. This allows ships to bring commerce around the world in a shorter route reducing costs.
67
Weathering
Breaking down of rock soil and minerals through vibrant with earths atmosphere
68
Erosion
Surface processes such as wind, water flow that remove rock, soil or dissolve materials from one location and transport to another
69
Quechua
Name of people of he central Andes of southern America and their languages
70
Inca
Largest empire in pre-Colombian America. Center was Cusco Peru
71
Brazil
Largest country in south and Latin America Portuguese is official language. Fifth largest country in world. Ninth largest in GDP
72
El Niño
Climatic phenomenon occurring in the pacific which affects developing countries dependent on agriculture
73
North American free trade agreement NAFTA
Free trade agreement between North American countries Effected in 1994 creating the largest free trade zone in world laying ground for prosperity in Canada USA and Mexico
74
Llanos and pampas
Pampas are fertile South American lowlands covering Argentina Brazil Uruguay Llanos means plains and region in Columbia and Venezuela
75
Effects of the Andes mountains
Longest mountain range in world. Extending western cost of South America. Make travel from west coast to main land difficult. Protect mainland from extreme weather
76
Slash/burn
Farming method where cut and burn plants in forest to create a field
77
Terraced farming
Sloped plane cut into series of successive receding flat surfaces resemble steps for purposes of farming
78
Irrigation
Artificial application of water to land or soil
79
Infrastructure
Durable facilities material or institutional nature that favor the functioning of a division of labor economy
80
Urbanization
Movement to cities from country
81
Melting pot
Coming together of many cultures and races to one country and forming a homogeneous society
82
Office of homeland security
Department of US government responsible for public security
83
Parliament
Form of government where head of state is different from head of government. Head of state receives power from the legislature or parliament. Democracy form of governing in Canada and UK
84
Prime minister
Most senior person in cabinet in executive branch of parliament government
85
Continental divide
Drainage divide on a continent
86
Monarchy
Government where power resides in family or dynasty. Maybe symbolic only
87
Service industry
Economic sector where services rather than production of goods is at the center.
88
Megalopolis
Chain of roughly adjacent metropolitan areas
89
Representative democracy
Democracy where people elect a small group to represent them in decision making
90
St. Lawrence seaway
Canal between Canada and US that allow ships to travel between Atlantic and Great Lakes
91
Quebec
Province in Canada that is French speaking largest province by area
92
Ontario
Province in Canada largest and home of the capital Ottawa
93
US baby boom
Large population growth post WW2 and ending 1960s
94
Hydrosphere
Massif water on,under and above the surface of a planet
95
Relative location
Near an area.
96
Absolute location
Precise area
97
Longitude
Geographical coordinate that specifies east - west position
98
Latitude
Angle between zenith and plane parallel to the equator
99
Debt for nature swap
Financial transaction in which portion of developing nation foreign debt is forgiven in exchange for local investment in environment conservation
100
Global warming
Increasing temperature of earths surface and atmosphere over time
101
Deforestation
Stripping Amazon forests of the trees for economic gain
102
Reason to preserve rainforest
To protect species and prevent erosion
103
Brazil's population
5th largest in world. 206 million
104
Latin American's main economic challenge
Rapid population growth
105
Push pull factors of migration
Push: drought, famine, extreme religious activity, conflict Pull: economic opportunities, more jobs, or promise of a better life
106
2 factors determining climate type
Temperature and precipitation
107
6 factors affecting climate
Latitude, ocean currents, wind and air masses, elevation, relief, nearness to water
108
Climate
Tropical: non arid, average temperature always around 64° Arid: receives less than 10 inches of rainfall all year Continental: dry climate with hot summers and cold winters Highland: found in the mountains Polar: lack of warm summers, sun shines for long hours in the summer and many fewer in the winter
109
Advantages and disadvantages of tourism
Advantages: creates more jobs, makes more money, attracts more people into a certain area Disadvantages: environmental damage like pollution and forest fires, tourists can lack respect, and ancient monuments can begin to wear down from traffic
110
5 themes of geography
Location, place, HEI, movements, region
111
Canada main partner in trade
The United States, 80% of Canada's trade is with the US, 20% of US trade is with Canada
112
Formal, functional, and perceptional regions
Functional region: based off of transportation and communicational routes (metropolitan area) Formal region: government or other structures such as cities, states, or mountain ranges Perceptional region: human attitude and feelings towards an area
113
US regions
Northeast- bounded to the north by Canada, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont ext Midwest- Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, ext Sunbelt- Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Texas, South Carolina ext Rust belt- Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana, Ohio ext West- Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada ext Mid Atlantic- Virginia up

World Geography Midterm (1 decks)

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