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World Geography Midterm > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

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World Geography flashcards U.S. Geography flashcards
1
Q

Latitude

A

The angular distance of a place north or south of the equator

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2
Q

Debt for nature swap

A

a transaction in which a foreign exchange debt owed by a developing country is transferred to another organization on the condition that the country use local currency for a designated purpose, usually environmental protection.

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3
Q

Global warming

A

Gradual increase in the average temperature of the earths atmosphere and its oceans

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4
Q

Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest

A

During the past 40 years, close to 20% of the Amazon rainforest has been cut down, scientists fear that an additional 20% of the trees will be cut down in the next two decades

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5
Q

Reasons to preserve the Amazon rainforest

A

Rainforests are often called the lungs of the planet because of their role in absorbing carbon dioxide, a greenhouse effect, and producing oxygen, which animals depend on for survival

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6
Q

Brazils population

A

Brazil has an estimated 2016 population of 209.5 million up from less than 6 years prior

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7
Q

Prime meridian

A

vertical line that marks the zero degree longitude on the globe

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8
Q

Equator

A

Imaginary line on earths surface from north to South Pole. Divides earth into northern and Southern Hemisphere

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9
Q

Income gap

A

Economic inequality between various groups

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10
Q

Innovation

A

Application of better solution that meets new or existing requirements

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11
Q

Nation

A

Community of people who share a common language, culture , ethnicity, or history

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12
Q

State

A

Organized community under a single political structure

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13
Q

Population pyramid analysis

A

Graphical representation of distribution of age groups in population that has shape of pyramid due to growth

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14
Q

Population density

A

Measure of population per unit area or unit volume

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15
Q

Metropolitan area

A

Region of densely populated urban core

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16
Q 
Economic systems:
Command
Market
Mixed
Subsistence
A

System of production, resource allocation, and distribution of goods and services. Categories

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17
Q

Fertility rate

A

Average number of children born to a women in her lifetime

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18
Q

Birth rate

A

Number of live births per 1000 population

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19
Q

Population growth

A

Increase in number of individuals in population

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20
Q

Rate of natural increase

A

Birth rate minus death rate

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21
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

Number of infant (under one year age) deaths per 1000

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22
Q

Mortality rate

A

Number of deaths per 1000 population

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23
Q

Central business district

A

Business center of a city

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24
Q

Carrying capacity

A

Maximum population size an environment can sustain indefinitely given necessities available

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25
Q

Per capita income

A

Average income earned per person in a given area in a year

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26
Q

Convection

A

Collective movement of groups of molecules within fluids

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27
Q

Greenhouse effects

A

Process by which radiation from planets atmosphere warms the planets surface above what it would be without its atmosphere

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28
Q

Tundra

A

Biome where tree growth is hindered. But low temperature and short growing season

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29
Q

Permafrost

A

Ground at or below zero / the freezing point of water for two or more years

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30
Q

Cuba economic decline

A

The time when income and economic strength deteriorated in Cuba

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31
Q

Tectonic plate movement

A

Large scale motion of seven large plates over last 100 million years

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32
Q

Faults

A

Rock fractures that show signs of movement

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33
Q

Ring of fire

A

Area where large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur around the Pacific

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34
Q

Mechanical weathering

A

Breaking down of rocks soil minerals as well as artificial material through contact with the earths atmosphere biota and waters

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35
Q

Chemical weathering

A

Breaking down of rock when come in contact with chemicals

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36
Q

Geography

A

Study of lands features inhabitants and phenomena of the earth

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37
Q

Topographic map

A

A medium to large scale map that shows a precise map of the terrain

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38
Q

Globe

A

Scale model of a celestial body

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39
Q

Map projections

A

Representation of the surface of a sphere or ellipsis onto a plane map

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40
Q

Geographic information systems

A

Spatial data information systems

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41
Q

Biosphere

A

Global sum of all ecosystem

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42
Q

Biome

A

Contiguous area with similar climatic conditions

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43
Q

Diffusion

A

Random movement.

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44
Q

Acculturation

A

Process of cultural change and psychologies change after cultures meet

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45
Q

Winter solstice

A

Start of winter. Shortest day of year

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46
Q

Summer solstice

A

Start of summer. Longest day of year

47
Q

Spring equinox

A

Sun is directly above earths equator

48
Q

Fall equinox

A

Day and night equal duration. Start of fall season

49
Q

Remittance

A

Transfer of money by foreign worker to family member in home county

50
Q

Immigration and emigration

A

Movement of people into a country

Movement of people out of a country

51
Q

Atmosphere

A

Layer of gasses surrounding a material body

52
Q

Lithosphere

A

Rigid outermost she’ll of a rocky planet

53
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Judging another culture solely on values and standards of ones own culture

54
Q

Columbian exchange

A

Biological exchange across Atlantic Ocean

55
Q

Demographic

A

Population and structure within a development

56
Q

Gross domestic product

A

Market value of goods and services produced in a country

57
Q

Latin America over population

A

Higher than global population rate in Latin American countries

58
Q

Oligarchy

A

Power structure

59
Q

Land reform

A

Changing of laws around land ownership

60
Q

Junta

A

Military governments

61
Q

Democracy

A

Government by the whole population where all individuals elect representation

62
Q

Caudillo

A

Latin American military dictator

63
Q

Mexican culture

A

Blend if Spanish and native Mexican Indian

64
Q

Caribbean culture

A

Blend of colonial and East Indian and Africans some British influence as well as Spanish

65
Q

Hurricane effects in Caribbean

A

Hurricanes do severe damage to islands in Caribbean due to their poor infrastructure these storms cause economic problems due to rebuilding costs.

66
Q

Panama Canal

A

Artificial 48 mile waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. This allows ships to bring commerce around the world in a shorter route reducing costs.

67
Q

Weathering

A

Breaking down of rock soil and minerals through vibrant with earths atmosphere

68
Q

Erosion

A

Surface processes such as wind, water flow that remove rock, soil or dissolve materials from one location and transport to another

69
Q

Quechua

A

Name of people of he central Andes of southern America and their languages

70
Q

Inca

A

Largest empire in pre-Colombian America. Center was Cusco Peru

71
Q

Brazil

A

Largest country in south and Latin America Portuguese is official language. Fifth largest country in world. Ninth largest in GDP

72
Q

El Niño

A

Climatic phenomenon occurring in the pacific which affects developing countries dependent on agriculture

73
Q

North American free trade agreement NAFTA

A

Free trade agreement between North American countries Effected in 1994 creating the largest free trade zone in world laying ground for prosperity in Canada USA and Mexico

74
Q

Llanos and pampas

A

Pampas are fertile South American lowlands covering Argentina Brazil Uruguay
Llanos means plains and region in Columbia and Venezuela

75
Q

Effects of the Andes mountains

A

Longest mountain range in world. Extending western cost of South America. Make travel from west coast to main land difficult. Protect mainland from extreme weather

76
Q

Slash/burn

A

Farming method where cut and burn plants in forest to create a field

77
Q

Terraced farming

A

Sloped plane cut into series of successive receding flat surfaces resemble steps for purposes of farming

78
Q

Irrigation

A

Artificial application of water to land or soil

79
Q

Infrastructure

A

Durable facilities material or institutional nature that favor the functioning of a division of labor economy

80
Q

Urbanization

A

Movement to cities from country

81
Q

Melting pot

A

Coming together of many cultures and races to one country and forming a homogeneous society

82
Q

Office of homeland security

A

Department of US government responsible for public security

83
Q

Parliament

A

Form of government where head of state is different from head of government. Head of state receives power from the legislature or parliament. Democracy form of governing in Canada and UK

84
Q

Prime minister

A

Most senior person in cabinet in executive branch of parliament government

85
Q

Continental divide

A

Drainage divide on a continent

86
Q

Monarchy

A

Government where power resides in family or dynasty. Maybe symbolic only

87
Q

Service industry

A

Economic sector where services rather than production of goods is at the center.

88
Q

Megalopolis

A

Chain of roughly adjacent metropolitan areas

89
Q

Representative democracy

A

Democracy where people elect a small group to represent them in decision making

90
Q

St. Lawrence seaway

A

Canal between Canada and US that allow ships to travel between Atlantic and Great Lakes

91
Q

Quebec

A

Province in Canada that is French speaking largest province by area

92
Q

Ontario

A

Province in Canada largest and home of the capital Ottawa

93
Q

US baby boom

A

Large population growth post WW2 and ending 1960s

94
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Massif water on,under and above the surface of a planet

95
Q

Relative location

A

Near an area.

96
Q

Absolute location

A

Precise area

97
Q

Longitude

A

Geographical coordinate that specifies east - west position

98
Q

Latitude

A

Angle between zenith and plane parallel to the equator

99
Q

Debt for nature swap

A

Financial transaction in which portion of developing nation foreign debt is forgiven in exchange for local investment in environment conservation

100
Q

Global warming

A

Increasing temperature of earths surface and atmosphere over time

101
Q

Deforestation

A

Stripping Amazon forests of the trees for economic gain

102
Q

Reason to preserve rainforest

A

To protect species and prevent erosion

103
Q

Brazil’s population

A

5th largest in world. 206 million

104
Q

Latin American’s main economic challenge

A

Rapid population growth

105
Q

Push pull factors of migration

A

Push: drought, famine, extreme religious activity, conflict

Pull: economic opportunities, more jobs, or promise of a better life

106
Q

2 factors determining climate type

A

Temperature and precipitation

107
Q

6 factors affecting climate

A

Latitude, ocean currents, wind and air masses, elevation, relief, nearness to water

108
Q

Climate

A

Tropical: non arid, average temperature always around 64°

Arid: receives less than 10 inches of rainfall all year

Continental: dry climate with hot summers and cold winters

Highland: found in the mountains

Polar: lack of warm summers, sun shines for long hours in the summer and many fewer in the winter

109
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of tourism

A

Advantages: creates more jobs, makes more money, attracts more people into a certain area

Disadvantages: environmental damage like pollution and forest fires, tourists can lack respect, and ancient monuments can begin to wear down from traffic

110
Q

5 themes of geography

A

Location, place, HEI, movements, region

111
Q

Canada main partner in trade

A

The United States, 80% of Canada’s trade is with the US, 20% of US trade is with Canada

112
Q

Formal, functional, and perceptional regions

A

Functional region: based off of transportation and communicational routes (metropolitan area)

Formal region: government or other structures such as cities, states, or mountain ranges

Perceptional region: human attitude and feelings towards an area

113
Q

US regions

A

Northeast- bounded to the north by Canada, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont ext

Midwest- Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, ext

Sunbelt- Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Texas, South Carolina ext

Rust belt- Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana, Ohio ext

West- Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada ext

Mid Atlantic- Virginia up

World Geography Midterm (1 decks)

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