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Management Information Systems > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

Computer Literacy

A

skill in using software as well as having basic knowledge of hardware and software, the Internet, and collaboration tools and technologies

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2
Q

Information Literacy

A

understanding the role of information in generating and using business intelligence

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3
Q

Business Intelligence (BI)

A

provides historical, current, and predictive views of business operations and environments and gives organizations a competitive advantage in the marketplace

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4
Q

Transaction-Processing systems (TPS)

A

focus on data collection and processing; the major reason for using them is cost reduction

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5
Q

Management Information Systems

A

an organized integration of hardware and software technologies, data, processes, and human elements designed to produce timely, integrated, relevant, accurate, and useful information for decision-making purposes

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6
Q

Data

A

consists of raw facts and is a component of an information system

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7
Q

Database

A

a collection of all relevant data organized in a series of integrated data

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8
Q

Process Component of an information system

A

generates the most useful type of information for decision making, including transaction-processing reports and models for decision analysis

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9
Q

information

A

consists of facts that have been analyzed by the process component and is an output of an information system

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10
Q

information technologies

A

support information systems and use the Internet, computer networks, database systems, POS systems, ad radio-frequency-identification (RFID) tags

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11
Q

Porter’s Five Forces Model

A

analyzes an organization, its position in the marketplace, and how information systems could be used to make it more competitive. The five forces include buyer power, supplier power, threat of substitute products or services, threat of new entrants, and rivalry among existing competitors

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12
Q

Rivalry among existing competitors is

A

high when many competitors occupy the same marketplace position; and low when there are few competitors

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13
Q

The threat of customers choosing substitute products or services is

A

high when many alternatives to an organization’s products and services are available

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14
Q

The threat of new entrants into the marketplace is

A

low when duplicating a company’s product or service is difficult

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15
Q

Supplier power is

A

high when customers have fewer options and low when customers have more options

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16
Q

Buyer power is

A

high when customers have many choices and low when they have few choices

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17
Q

computer

A

a machine that accepts data as input, processes data without human intervention by using storage instructions, and outputs information

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18
Q

central processing unit (CPU)

A

the heart of a computer; divided into two parts; the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and the control unit

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19
Q

arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

A

performs arithmetic operations as well as comparison or relational operations

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20
Q

control unit

A

tells the computer what to do, such as instructing the computer which device to read or send output t

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21
Q

bus

A

a link between devices connected to the computer; it can be parallel or serial, internal or external

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22
Q

disk drive

A

a peripheral device for recording, storing, and retrieving information

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23
Q

CPU case

A

also known as a computer chassis or tower; it is the enclosure containing the computer’s main components

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24
Q

motherboard

A

the main circuit board containing connections for attaching additional boards; usually contains the CPU, Basic Input/output system, memory, storage, interfaces, serial and parallel ports, expansion slots, and all the controllers for standard peripheral devices, such as the display monitor, disk drive, and keyboard

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25
Q

Input devices

A

send data and information to the computer; ex: keyboard or mouse

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26
Q

Output devices

A

capable of representing information from a computer; the form of this output may be visual, audio, or digital; ex: printers, display monitors, and plotters

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27
Q

Main memory

A

stores data and information and is usually volatile; its contents are lost when electrical power is turned off. It plays a major role in a computer’s performance

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28
Q

Secondary memory

A

nonvolatile; holds data when the computer is off or during the course of a program’s operation; also called archival storage

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29
Q

Random Access Memory (RAM)

A

volatile memory, in which data can be read from and written to; it is also called read-write memory

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30
Q

Cache RAM

A

resides on the processor. Because memory access from main RAM storage takes several clock cycles, cache RAM stores recently accessed memory so the processor is not waiting for the memory transfer

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31
Q

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

A

nonvolatile; data cannot be written to ROM

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32
Q

magnetic disk

A

made of Mylar or metal, is used for random-access processing. In other words, data can be accessed in any order, regardless of its order on the surface

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33
Q

magnetic tape

A

made of a plastic material, resembles a cassette tape and stores data sequentially

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34
Q

optical discs

A

use laser beams to access and store data; ex: CD-ROMs, Worm discs, and DVDs

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35
Q

redundant array of independent disks (RAID)

A

system is a collection of disk drives used for fault tolerance and improved performance, and is typically found in large network systems

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36
Q

storage area network (SAN)

A

a dedicated high-speed network consisting of both hardware and software used to connect and manage shared storage devices, such as disk arrays, tape libraries, and optical storage devices

37
Q

network attached storage (NAS)

A

essentially a network connected computer dedicated to providing file-based data storage services to other network devices

38
Q

server

A

a computer and all the software for managing network resources and offering services to a network

39
Q

operating system (OS)

A

a set of programs for controlling managing computer hardware and software. It provides an interface between a computer and the user and increases computer efficiency by helping users share computer resources and by performing repetitive tasks for users

40
Q

application software

A

can be commercial software or software developed in house and is used to perform a variety of tasks on a personal computer

41
Q

machine language

A

the first generation of compute languages, consists of a series of 0s and 1s representing data or instructions; it is dependent on the machine, so code written for one type of computer does not work on another type of computer

42
Q

assembly language

A

the second generation of computer languages; a higher level language than machine language but is also machine dependent. It uses a series of short codes, or mnemonics, to represent data or instructions

43
Q

high-level languages

A

machine independent and part of third-generation of computer languages; many languages are available, and each is designed for a specific purpose

44
Q

fourth-generation languages (4GLs)

A

use macro codes that can take the place of several lines of programming; the commands are powerful and easy to learn, even for people with little computer training

45
Q

fifth-generation languages (5GLs)

A

use some of the artificial intelligence technologies, such as knowledge-based systems, natural language processing (NLP), visual programming, and a graphical approach to programming. These languages are designed to facilitate natural conversations between you and the computer

46
Q

database

A

a collection of related data that is stored in a central location or in multiple locations

47
Q

data hierarchy

A

the structure and organization of data, which involves fields, records, and files

48
Q

database management system

A

software for creating, storing, maintaining, and accessing database files. A DBMS makes using databases more efficient

49
Q

sequential access file structure

A

records in files are organized and processed in numerical or sequential order, typically the order in which they were entered

50
Q

random access file structure

A

records can be accessed in any order, regardless of their physical locations in storage media. This method of access is fast and very effective when a small number of records need to be processed daily or weekly

51
Q

indexed sequential access method (ISAM)

A

records can be accessed sequentially or randomly, depending on the number being accessed. For a small number, random access is used, and for a large number, sequential access is used

52
Q

A magnetic tape is a

A

type of memory that stores data sequentially

53
Q

a byte is

A

the size of a character

54
Q

third-generation computer languages are machine independent and called

A

high-level languages

55
Q

IBM system Z10 is an example of a

A

fifth-generation computer

56
Q

random access memory can be

A

read from and written to

57
Q

NAS is popular for web servers and email servers because

A

it lowers management costs and helps make these servers more fault tolerant

58
Q

a byte is NOT

A

a single value of 0 or 1

59
Q

ASCII defines up to

A

128 characters

60
Q

Computers and communication systems are data codes to

A

represent and transfer data between computers and network systems

61
Q

True or False: a computer with a 32-bit processor can perform calculations with larger numbers and be more efficient with smaller numbers than a 64-bit processor

A

False

62
Q

a magnetic disk is a type of

A

secondary memory device

63
Q

remote access servers allow off-site users to connect to

A

network resources, such as network file storage, printers, and databases

64
Q

C++ and Java are examples of

A

high-level language

65
Q

One of the major disadvantages of silicon is that

A

it cannot emit light

66
Q

RAID stands for

A

redundant array of independent disks

67
Q

RAID is a collection of

A

disk drives used for fault tolerance and improved performance

68
Q

an example of an operating system is

A

UNIX

69
Q

True or False: NAS is composed of arrays such that if one disk in the array faults, data is not lost

A

False

70
Q

a bus can be

A

internal or external

71
Q

Very-Large-Scale-Integration (VLSI) circuits were introduced in the

A

second generation

72
Q

Extended ASCII data code allows representation of

A

256 characters

73
Q

a common type of optical storage is a

A

WORM disc

74
Q

Storage means

A

saving data in computer memory and retrieval is accessing data from memory

75
Q

an operating system (OS) is a set of programs for

A

controlling and managing computer hardware and software

76
Q

ASCII defines up to

A

128 characters

77
Q

SANs are used in

A

large enterprises because of their cost and installation complexity

78
Q

Time-Shared OSs allow several users to use

A

computer resources simultaneously

79
Q

Optical character reader (OCR) work on the same principle as a

A

barcode reader but reads text instead of barcodes

80
Q

the supervisor program on an OS is called the

A

kernel

81
Q

the contents of a Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM)

A

cannot be erased and reprogrammed

82
Q

supplier power is high when customers have

A

fewer options and low when customers have more options

83
Q

in designing a management information system, the first task is to

A

define the system’s objectives clearly

84
Q

Labor statistics are an

A

external data source of an information system

85
Q

Timely, relevant, and accurate information is a critical tool for

A

enhancing a company’s competitive position in a marketplace

86
Q

a typical PDA includes a

A

calendar

87
Q

a personnel information system helps in

A

choosing the best job candidate

88
Q

the four M’s of resources are

A

manpower, machinery, materials, and money

89
Q

GIGO:

A

garbage in, garbage out

Management Information Systems (1 decks)

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