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Management Information Systems > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

Computer Literacy

A

skill in using software as well as having basic knowledge of hardware and software, the Internet, and collaboration tools and technologies

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2
Q

Information Literacy

A

understanding the role of information in generating and using business intelligence

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3
Q

Business Intelligence (BI)

A

provides historical, current, and predictive views of business operations and environments and gives organizations a competitive advantage in the marketplace

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4
Q

Transaction-Processing systems (TPS)

A

focus on data collection and processing; the major reason for using them is cost reduction

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5
Q

Management Information Systems

A

an organized integration of hardware and software technologies, data, processes, and human elements designed to produce timely, integrated, relevant, accurate, and useful information for decision-making purposes

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6
Q

Data

A

consists of raw facts and is a component of an information system

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7
Q

Database

A

a collection of all relevant data organized in a series of integrated data

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8
Q

Process Component of an information system

A

generates the most useful type of information for decision making, including transaction-processing reports and models for decision analysis

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9
Q

information

A

consists of facts that have been analyzed by the process component and is an output of an information system

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10
Q

information technologies

A

support information systems and use the Internet, computer networks, database systems, POS systems, ad radio-frequency-identification (RFID) tags

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11
Q

Porter’s Five Forces Model

A

analyzes an organization, its position in the marketplace, and how information systems could be used to make it more competitive. The five forces include buyer power, supplier power, threat of substitute products or services, threat of new entrants, and rivalry among existing competitors

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12
Q

Rivalry among existing competitors is

A

high when many competitors occupy the same marketplace position; and low when there are few competitors

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13
Q

The threat of customers choosing substitute products or services is

A

high when many alternatives to an organization’s products and services are available

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14
Q

The threat of new entrants into the marketplace is

A

low when duplicating a company’s product or service is difficult

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15
Q

Supplier power is

A

high when customers have fewer options and low when customers have more options

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16
Q

Buyer power is

A

high when customers have many choices and low when they have few choices

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17
Q

computer

A

a machine that accepts data as input, processes data without human intervention by using storage instructions, and outputs information

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18
Q

central processing unit (CPU)

A

the heart of a computer; divided into two parts; the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and the control unit

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19
Q

arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

A

performs arithmetic operations as well as comparison or relational operations

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20
Q

control unit

A

tells the computer what to do, such as instructing the computer which device to read or send output t

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21
Q

bus

A

a link between devices connected to the computer; it can be parallel or serial, internal or external

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22
Q

disk drive

A

a peripheral device for recording, storing, and retrieving information

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23
Q

CPU case

A

also known as a computer chassis or tower; it is the enclosure containing the computer’s main components

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24
Q

motherboard

A

the main circuit board containing connections for attaching additional boards; usually contains the CPU, Basic Input/output system, memory, storage, interfaces, serial and parallel ports, expansion slots, and all the controllers for standard peripheral devices, such as the display monitor, disk drive, and keyboard

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25
Input devices
send data and information to the computer; ex: keyboard or mouse
26
Output devices
capable of representing information from a computer; the form of this output may be visual, audio, or digital; ex: printers, display monitors, and plotters
27
Main memory
stores data and information and is usually volatile; its contents are lost when electrical power is turned off. It plays a major role in a computer's performance
28
Secondary memory
nonvolatile; holds data when the computer is off or during the course of a program's operation; also called archival storage
29
Random Access Memory (RAM)
volatile memory, in which data can be read from and written to; it is also called read-write memory
30
Cache RAM
resides on the processor. Because memory access from main RAM storage takes several clock cycles, cache RAM stores recently accessed memory so the processor is not waiting for the memory transfer
31
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
nonvolatile; data cannot be written to ROM
32
magnetic disk
made of Mylar or metal, is used for random-access processing. In other words, data can be accessed in any order, regardless of its order on the surface
33
magnetic tape
made of a plastic material, resembles a cassette tape and stores data sequentially
34
optical discs
use laser beams to access and store data; ex: CD-ROMs, Worm discs, and DVDs
35
redundant array of independent disks (RAID)
system is a collection of disk drives used for fault tolerance and improved performance, and is typically found in large network systems
36
storage area network (SAN)
a dedicated high-speed network consisting of both hardware and software used to connect and manage shared storage devices, such as disk arrays, tape libraries, and optical storage devices
37
network attached storage (NAS)
essentially a network connected computer dedicated to providing file-based data storage services to other network devices
38
server
a computer and all the software for managing network resources and offering services to a network
39
operating system (OS)
a set of programs for controlling managing computer hardware and software. It provides an interface between a computer and the user and increases computer efficiency by helping users share computer resources and by performing repetitive tasks for users
40
application software
can be commercial software or software developed in house and is used to perform a variety of tasks on a personal computer
41
machine language
the first generation of compute languages, consists of a series of 0s and 1s representing data or instructions; it is dependent on the machine, so code written for one type of computer does not work on another type of computer
42
assembly language
the second generation of computer languages; a higher level language than machine language but is also machine dependent. It uses a series of short codes, or mnemonics, to represent data or instructions
43
high-level languages
machine independent and part of third-generation of computer languages; many languages are available, and each is designed for a specific purpose
44
fourth-generation languages (4GLs)
use macro codes that can take the place of several lines of programming; the commands are powerful and easy to learn, even for people with little computer training
45
fifth-generation languages (5GLs)
use some of the artificial intelligence technologies, such as knowledge-based systems, natural language processing (NLP), visual programming, and a graphical approach to programming. These languages are designed to facilitate natural conversations between you and the computer
46
database
a collection of related data that is stored in a central location or in multiple locations
47
data hierarchy
the structure and organization of data, which involves fields, records, and files
48
database management system
software for creating, storing, maintaining, and accessing database files. A DBMS makes using databases more efficient
49
sequential access file structure
records in files are organized and processed in numerical or sequential order, typically the order in which they were entered
50
random access file structure
records can be accessed in any order, regardless of their physical locations in storage media. This method of access is fast and very effective when a small number of records need to be processed daily or weekly
51
indexed sequential access method (ISAM)
records can be accessed sequentially or randomly, depending on the number being accessed. For a small number, random access is used, and for a large number, sequential access is used
52
A magnetic tape is a
type of memory that stores data sequentially
53
a byte is
the size of a character
54
third-generation computer languages are machine independent and called
high-level languages
55
IBM system Z10 is an example of a
fifth-generation computer
56
random access memory can be
read from and written to
57
NAS is popular for web servers and email servers because
it lowers management costs and helps make these servers more fault tolerant
58
a byte is NOT
a single value of 0 or 1
59
ASCII defines up to
128 characters
60
Computers and communication systems are data codes to
represent and transfer data between computers and network systems
61
True or False: a computer with a 32-bit processor can perform calculations with larger numbers and be more efficient with smaller numbers than a 64-bit processor
False
62
a magnetic disk is a type of
secondary memory device
63
remote access servers allow off-site users to connect to
network resources, such as network file storage, printers, and databases
64
C++ and Java are examples of
high-level language
65
One of the major disadvantages of silicon is that
it cannot emit light
66
RAID stands for
redundant array of independent disks
67
RAID is a collection of
disk drives used for fault tolerance and improved performance
68
an example of an operating system is
UNIX
69
True or False: NAS is composed of arrays such that if one disk in the array faults, data is not lost
False
70
a bus can be
internal or external
71
Very-Large-Scale-Integration (VLSI) circuits were introduced in the
second generation
72
Extended ASCII data code allows representation of
256 characters
73
a common type of optical storage is a
WORM disc
74
Storage means
saving data in computer memory and retrieval is accessing data from memory
75
an operating system (OS) is a set of programs for
controlling and managing computer hardware and software
76
ASCII defines up to
128 characters
77
SANs are used in
large enterprises because of their cost and installation complexity
78
Time-Shared OSs allow several users to use
computer resources simultaneously
79
Optical character reader (OCR) work on the same principle as a
barcode reader but reads text instead of barcodes
80
the supervisor program on an OS is called the
kernel
81
the contents of a Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM)
cannot be erased and reprogrammed
82
supplier power is high when customers have
fewer options and low when customers have more options
83
in designing a management information system, the first task is to
define the system's objectives clearly
84
Labor statistics are an
external data source of an information system
85
Timely, relevant, and accurate information is a critical tool for
enhancing a company's competitive position in a marketplace
86
a typical PDA includes a
calendar
87
a personnel information system helps in
choosing the best job candidate
88
the four M's of resources are
manpower, machinery, materials, and money
89
GIGO:
garbage in, garbage out

Management Information Systems (1 decks)

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