Midterm Review

Question 1

Name the 5 D’s of ethical reasoning

Answer 1

1. Describe
2. Discern
3. Display
4. Decide
5. Defend

Question 2

What does ‘describe’ mean?

Answer 2

Identify the key facts of the case or scenario and outline them.

Question 3

What does ‘discern’ mean?

Answer 3

Identify the most significant ethical issues. Use the avenues to aide you in this.

Question 4

What does ‘display’ mean?

Answer 4

Using the facts and ethical issues outlined for the case, list options to consider for response.

Question 5

What does ‘decide’ mean?

Answer 5

Choose an option for action/response.

Question 6

What does ‘defend’ mean?

Answer 6

Justify your choice using the perspectives of each avenue.

Question 7

What are the four avenues?

Answer 7

1. Interests
2. Rights
3. Duties
4. Virtues

Question 8

What makes up the Executive Compass?

Answer 8

Liberty Equality

Efficiency Community

Question 9

Explain the ‘interest-based’ avenue.

Answer 9

Moral assessment of actions and policies depends solely on consequences, and the only consequences that really matter are the interests of the parties affected. Harms & benefits/Social costs & benefits

Question 10

Define “values”

Answer 10

Lasting belief about a certain goal or mode of conduct which is better than the opposite goal or mode of conduct.

Question 11

What are the cardinal virtues?

Answer 11

1. Prudence
2. Justice
3. Fortitude
4. Courage

Question 12

What are rights?

Answer 12

Rights are either natural or derived from positive law (legality). Primarily concerned with equality/fairness and freedom/liberty. Rights create obligations/duties.

Question 13

What are duties?

Answer 13

A duty is a legitimate obligation arising from rights. Since rights arise from natural and positive law, so do duties. The origin will help outline the responsibility.

Question 14

What are virtues?

Answer 14

A virtue is a good habit (as opposed to vice). Essential for humankind because it deals with the genesis for action. Developing good virtues/habits makes it easier to make ethical decisions.

Question 15

Define “prudence”

Answer 15

The ability to apply right reason to action.

Question 16

Define “justice”

Answer 16

Morally correct behavior or thinking in regards to external relations b/w people. Do good, avoid evil.

Question 17

Define “fortitude”

Answer 17

Source of the emotional stability needed to exercise each virtue. Faces chiefly the danger of death. Characterized by a reasonable refusal to withdraw from or be controlled y what generates fear.

Question 18

Define “temperance”

Answer 18

Deals with appetites. Reasonable response to what is attractive. Moderation.

Question 19

Name one universal principal and how it can help the manager who is committed to acting ethically.

Answer 19

The principal of Full Human Potential (FHP). Valuing each human being for their full potential, not at the potential achieved at that point in time. This could be valuable from a human resources point of view.