Midterm Review Flashcards
know the life cycle of a conventional well
spud, drill, complete, start production, flowing, flumping (install artificial lift), pumping, suspended, blow down reservoir, abandon
what action must take place when coning occurs
if the GOR/WOR rises too high, production must be slowed down or shut in
where would you perforate in the producing zone for a gas drive well?
low in the formation to avoid the gas
where would you perforate in the producing zone for a water drive well?
high to avoid the water
what is the best drive mechanism?
water
what will eventually result from a gas drive reservoir?
the GOR will rise and eventually stabilize
what is the surface area for 73mm 9.67 kg/m tubing?
11.66 cm^2
True or False: packers affect pressure.
False
what is burst condition?
tubing pressure is higher then casing pressure
what are collapse conditions?
casing pressure is higher than tubing pressure
be able to identify all parts of the following tubing specs: 73 EUE 9.67kg/m J-55
nominal outside diameter (73mm), connection type, weight (kg/m or lb/ft), metal-yield strength (psi)
what are EUE, NUE, and Integral Joint and what do they stand for
they are the different connection types for tubing. EUE=External Upset End and NUE=Non Upset End
know what the yield strength is for the following casing types: J 55, C 75, N 80, P 105
55,000 psi, 75,000 psi, 80,000 psi, and 105,000 psi
True or False: N 80 and P 105 tubing are approved for sour service.
False, they are not approved for use in sour wells.
What is the safety factor for tubing in continuous service?
75% = 1.33
what condition uses a safety factor of 80% (1.25)?
one time pull/intermittent
what safety factor is used for cyclic loading?
50% (2.00)
how can you tell if tubing is overloaded?
if the stress over the yield strength*safety factor is over 100%, the tubing is overloaded
what colour is used to identify new J 55 and K 55 tubing?
green, J 55 has 1 green band and K 55 has 2
know the colour codings for the other 4 classes of tubing
N 75 (blue band), N 80 (red band), C 95 (brown band), and P 105 (white band)
what colour is used to identify 31-50% loss of wall thickness?
Green
know the 4 colours used for classifying used pipe wall thickness
Yellow (0-15%), Blue (16-30%), Green (31-50%), Red (>50%)
what could you use to prevent buckling in a pumping well?
a tubing anchor
what are the 3 main tubing calculations?
Weight in air, Weight in fluid, Loading, Stretch
What 3 factors affect tubing design
- Tubing handle changing well conditions (pressure, temp fluid, etc). 2. Loads due to setting packers and anchors. 3. Burst and Collapse conditions
What 2 factors affect tubing size
Production and is the well is pumping (size of pumping equipment) or flowing (tubing performance curve)
understand how production rates are affected by IPR (inflow performance relationship)
table, Sept 15 notes
what does SRP stand for?
Static Reservoir Pressure
what happens if the SRP rises?
production increases
what happens if the Pressure rises?
production increases
name 4 places where pressure drops occur
tubing, wellhead, flowline, and battery
what 4 factors affect wellhead choice?
- Type (flowing or pumping) 2. Tubular Sizes (surface casing, production casing, tubing) 3. Pressures (BHP, SRP. 25,000 psi, 50,000 psi (average), 10,000 psi, 20,000 psi) 4. Sweet or Sour Production
why is 0.981 added to weight in air/fluid equations?
to account for gravity and buoyancy
what are the 4 parts of perforating geometry?
- Hole Size 2. Depth of Penetration 3. Shot Density 4. Phasing
what are the 2 ways of perforating?
wireline (cheaper, faster) and tubing conveyed (better job)
what are the 4 types of perforating guns?
retrievable hollow steel carrier (RHSC), expendable retrievable hollow steel carrier (ERHSC), semi expendable and fully expendable
what are the 6 pieces of information you need to complete a perf job?
size of tubulars, obstructions (deviations and doglegs), check CBL, well bore fluids, well bore temperatures and pressures, and the type, interval, and derrick size.
know the perforating geometry ranked in order of importance for a normal well, heavy oil well, gas well, and stimulation well.
Normal Well (depth, density, hole size, phasing) Heavy Oil Well (hole size, density, phasing, depth) Gas Well (density, depth, phasing, hole size) Stimulation Well (phasing, hole size, density, depth)
what does TTP stand for?
Total Target Penetration
what are the 2 charges that can be used in a perf gun and which is more common?
shaped charge and bullet perforating, shaped charges are most common.
what are the 2 common different degrees of phasing for a perf gun?
90 or 60 degrees
what is the difference between HMX and RDX? **
HMX is more powerful than RDX
what is the relationship between permeability and pressure?
higher K = lower P
lower K =higher P
how many SPF do you get with 60 degree phasing?
6 SPF
if you have 4 SPF what phasing is your gun?
90 degrees
what is the most popular perforating gun carrier in Alberta?
ERHSC
what is the risk of perforating in a well with no fluid in the well bore?
casing damage
in what case would you perforate in a dry hole?
if you were perforating a sensitive sandstone formation
what sets off the charges and perforates a well?
an electric current is run over the detonating cord which sets off the explosives.
know how to complete a perforating system
done in lab, assignment.
for what type of wells would you do a productivity index?
water wells and wells producing above bubble point
what is the difference between a Vogel IPR and typical PI?
Vogel curves take into account a test point with a given error zone.
what conditions will cause your vogel curve to move right or left?
Right if permeability increases (stimulation, fractures)
Left if permeability decreases (mud invasion, incompatible water, etc)
for what type of wells would you use an IPR & TPC curve?
pumping and flowing wells
what does IPR represent? TPC?
inflow, outflow
where is the maximum production flow rate in an IPR & TPC curve diagram?
where the 2 lines intersect
what are important well numbers
fluid flow, bottom hole pressure, IPR, and artificial lift design
what are 3 calcs needed for BHP?
surface pressure, gas column pressure, and liquid column pressure
what are methods for calculating surface, gas column and liquid column pressures?
Surface: pressure gauge, tubing head P, casing side P
Gas: C&S, GLIP
Liquid: G5 (static), AFDT (dynamic)
what are different methods of calculating bottom hole pressures?
G5, AFDT, Pump Load Method, Cullinder & Smith, Hydrostatic Pressures, PTC Curves
what is the only method the AER accepts for BHP’s?
Cullinder & Smith
be able to utilize any graphs necessary
practise silly billy!
know how to use any and all equations
also know abbreviations
