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Medical Emergencies > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the most common medical emergency in dental offices?

A

Syncope

* (50 percent of medical emergencies are in the dental office are from syncope)*

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2
Q

What are the second,third, and fourth most common medical emergencies?

(Each one of these makes up 8 percent of medical emergencies in the dental office)

A

2nd-Mild Allergic Reactions
3rd-Angina Pectoris
4th-Othrostatic Hypotension

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3
Q

When are medical emergencies in a dentall office most likely to occur?
(After what procedures. There are 3 of them)

A

Most likely to occur after the administration of anesthetics, extractions, or endodontics.

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4
Q

What are three things you can do to help prevent medical emergencies in the dental office?

A
  • Thorough medical history
  • Vital signs
  • Prepare for med. emergencies as an entire dental office team.
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5
Q

What is ASA I classification?

A

NORMAL:

Can walk up 2 flights of stairs or walk 2 city blocks W/OUT shortness of breath.

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6
Q

What is ASA II classification?

A

MILD SYSTEMIC DISEASE:
Can walk up 1 flight of stairs or walk 2 city blocks, but may have shortness of breath upon completion.

EXAMPLES:

  • Controlled type 2 Diabetes
  • Controlled Epilepsy
  • Controlled Hypertension
  • Asthma
  • Allergies
  • Pregnancy
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7
Q

What is ASA III classification?

A

SEVER SYSTEMIC DISEASE:
(limits activity, but is NOT incapacitating)

Can walk up 1 flight of stairs or walk 1 city block, but may stop due to shortness of breath

EXAMPLES:

  • Stable Angina
  • MI (longer than 6 mo./ no signs or symptoms)
  • Controlled type 1 Diabetes
  • Controlled Heart Failure
  • BP > 160/95
  • Morbid Obesity
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8
Q

What is ASA IV classification?

A

SEVER SYSTEMIC DISEASE:
(it is incapacitating and a constant threat to life)

Unable to walk up a flight of stairs or 1 city block and they may have shortness of breath or distress at rest.

EXAMPLES:

  • MI (within 6 mo.)
  • Unstable Angina
  • BP >180/110
  • Coronary Heart Failure (CHF)
  • Uncontrolled Diabetes
  • Uncontrolled Epilepsy
  • Uncontrolled Thyroid
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9
Q

What is ASA V classification?

A

Moribund patient not expected to survive 24 hrs.

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10
Q

What are some examples of diseases that an ASA I type of patient would have?

A

None

This type of patient is healthy

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11
Q

What are some examples of diseases that an ASA II type of patient would have?

A
  • Controlled type 2 Diabetes
  • Controlled Epilepsy
  • Controlled Hypertension
  • Asthma
  • Allergies
  • Pregnancy
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12
Q

What are some examples of diseases that an ASA III type of patient would have?

A
  • Stable Angina
  • MI (longer thatn 6 mo. ago/ no signs or symptoms)
  • Controlled type 1 Diabets
  • Controlled Heart Failure
  • BP > 160/95
  • Morbid Obesity
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13
Q

What are some examples of diseases that an ASA IV type of patient would have?

A
  • Unstable Angina
  • MI (within 6 mo.)
  • BP > 180/110
  • Coronary Heart Failure (CHF)
  • Uncontrolled Diabetes
  • Uncontrolled Epilepsy
  • Uncontrolled Thyroid
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14
Q

Tue/ Flase

An ASA V type of patient is expected to live for the next 48 hrs.

A

FALSE

not expected to survive 24 hrs.

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15
Q

Oxygen is used for all medical emergencies EXCEPT…?

A

Hyperventilation

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16
Q

When would you use a nasal cannula?

for what kind of pt

A

A conscious patient suffering from COPD, MI, or CVA

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17
Q

What color is the oxygen tank in a dental office?

A

Green

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18
Q

True/ False:

An oxygen tank has a Cylinder, Regulator, and a Flow meter.

A

TRUE

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19
Q

True/ False:

The Cylinder on oxygen tanks are all the same size.

A

FALSE

They have different sizes but size E is the recommended for dental offices

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20
Q

What size cylinder is recommended for the oxygen tank in dental offices?

A

Size E

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21
Q

How much oxygen is inside of dental office oxygen tanks?

how much time

A

30 minutes worth of oxygen

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22
Q

When would you use a non-rebreathing mask?

A

When a patient is unconscious suffering from an Asthma attack or Angina pectoris.

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23
Q

When do you use a Bag mask?

A

During respiratory arrest and the patient needs complete oxygen delivery.

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24
Q

What 7 medications are emergency kit essentials?

A 
(DACA GONE)
*D- Diphenhydramine
 A- Albuterol
*C- Chlorypheneramine
 A- Aspirin
G- Glucogon
O- Oral Carbohydrate
N- Nitroglycerine
E- Epinephrine
****( the ones with * are similar and you can have one or the other inside of the emergency kit you don't NEED to have both)****
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25
Q

What is Epinephrine used for and what is the dosage given to adults and children?

A

Use: Anaphylaxis and Severe Asthma Attack
Dosage:
-ADULT = 0.3mg of 1:1000 given intramuscularly and intralingually through injections.
-CHILD = 0.3mg of 1:2000
(Rapid onset Long duration)

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26
Q

When should you NOT use Epinephrine?

A

When a patient has Ischemic heart disease or severe Hypertension.

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27
Q

What does Epinephrine reduce?

A
  • Hypotension
  • Bronchospasm
  • Laryngeal Edema
  • Additional release of histamine and other chemical mediators.
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28
Q

When would you use Nitroglycerine and what does it do to the coronary blood vessels?

A
  • Use it for patients with Angina Pectoris, MI, or CHF.

- This dilates the coronary blood vessels.

29
Q

True/ False:

Nitroglycerine has a slow onset

A

FALSE

it has a rapid onset

30
Q

What are 2 ways Nitroglycerine is administered?

A

Tablet and spray

31
Q

True/ False:

The Nitroglycerine tablet is placed sublingually.

A

TRUE

32
Q

How would you administer Nitoglycerine?

dose

A

Every 5 minutes up to 3 doses.

33
Q

When should you NOT give a patient Nitroglycerine?

A

When systolic BP < 90mmHg

34
Q

What is the shelf life for the Nitoglycerine spray?

A

About 2 years

35
Q

What is the shelf life for the Nitroglycerine tablets after they have been exposed to light or air?

A

12 weeks

36
Q

When would you use Diphenhydramine or Chlorpheneramine?

A

For patients with moderate allergic reaction with respiratory symptoms(mild non-life threatening allergic reactions).

37
Q

True/ False:

Diphenhydramine/ Cholrpheneramine is an oral histamine.

A

FALSE

It is an oral histamine Blocker

38
Q

What is the dosage given for oral Diphenhydramine/Chlorpheneramine?
(Adult)

A 
Diphenhydramine = 25-50 mg
Chlorpheneramine = 10 mg
39
Q

What is the dosage given for an intramuscular histamine blocker (Diphenhydramine/ Chlorpheneramine)?
(Adult)

A 
Diphenhydramine = 25-50 mg
Chlorpheneramine = 10-20 mg
40
Q

What is the histamine blocker dosage for a child (Diphenhydramine/ Chlorpheneramine)?

A

1mg/kg of body weight for both diphenhydramine or chlorpheneramine.
(Not to exceed adult dosage)

41
Q

Which histamine blocker causes LESS drowsiness, Diphenhydramine or Chlorpheneramine?

A

Chlorpheneramine

42
Q

What Albuterol used for?

A

Asthma attacks or Bronchospasm

43
Q

How is Albuterol administered?

A

Inhaler

44
Q

What does Albuterol do to the body?

A

Dilates the bronchioles with minimal cardiovascular effects.

45
Q

Does Albuterol have a fast or slow onset?

A

Quick!

30-60 min.

46
Q

True/ False:

Albuterol has a long duration of action of 4 to 6 hours.

A

TRUE

47
Q

What is the adult and child dose of Albuterol?

A 
Adult = 2 sprays
Child = 1 spray
48
Q

Can the dosage for Albuterol be repeated if necessary?

A

Yes

49
Q

True/ False:

Aspirin reduces overall mortality from MI.

A

TRUE

50
Q

What does Aspirin help prevent?

A

The progression of cardiac ischemia to cardiac injury or cardiac tissue death.

51
Q

What is the recommended dose for Aspirin?

A

162-325 mg
OR
2-4 baby Aspirin

52
Q

What is an Oral Carbohydrate used for?

A

For patients with Hypoglycemia

53
Q

True/ False:

An Oral Carbohydrate is a drug.

A

FALSE

54
Q

Do Oral Carbohydrate pastes or tablets require refrigeration?
(Yes or No)

A

NO

55
Q

Would Glucagon be used on a conscious or unconscious patient?

A

UNconscious

56
Q

What kind of patient would need Glucagon?

A

A hypoglycemic patient

57
Q

True/ False:

The adult dose for Glucagon is 1 mg and the child dose is 0.5 mg.

A

TRUE

58
Q

What are the vital signs for the average healthy adult?

pulse rate, respirations,temp, and BP

A

Pulse Rate = 60-80 beats per minute(BPM)
Respirations = 12-20 respirations per minute
Temp. = 98.6 F (+/- 1 degree)
BP = 120/80

59
Q

What is Tachycardia?

A

Rapid Pulse Rate ( > 100 BPM)

60
Q

What is Bradycardia?

A

Slow Pulse Rate ( < 60 BPM)

61
Q

True/ False:

Bradycardia may cause lightheadedness, dizziness, chest pain, syncope, or circulatory collapse.

A

TRUE

62
Q

What is Bradycardia treated with?

A

Atropine because it increases heart rate

63
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for newborns?

A

40-50 respirations per minute

64
Q

What is Tachypnea?

A

An abnormally fast rate of respirations ( > 20 )

65
Q

True/ False:

Tachypnea is usually seen during Hyperventilation.

A

TRUE

66
Q

What is Bradypnea?

A

Slow rate of respiration ( < 12 )

(Often seen in syncope)

67
Q

What is Pyrexia?

A

Fever

68
Q

What would you see in a patient with hypothermia?

signs/symptoms

A
  • Shivering
  • Cool skin
  • Pallor
69
Q

True/ False:
Distolic pressure is the force of blood against the blood vessel walls during ventricular contraction and the norm is between 110-120 mmHg.

A

FALSE

This statement is true for SYSTOLIC pressure Not Diastolic pressure

Medical Emergencies (2 decks)

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