midterm review

Question 1

Human growth from the stages of childhood to adulthood is:

Answer 1

gradual and uncertain

Question 2

Which common approach to understanding adolescence is taken by the text?

Answer 2

The interdisciplinary approach

Question 3

The stage between adolescence and adulthood is referred to as:

Answer 3

emerging adulthood

Question 4

If a researcher were to take a strictly biological viewpoint of adolescence, she would believe adolescence involves only:

Answer 4

sexual and physical maturation

Question 5

Sigmund Freud characterized adolescence as a period of:

Answer 5

sexual excitement and anxiety

Question 6

Freud’s psychosexual stages of development consist of five stages in the following order:

Answer 6

oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital

Question 7

Individuals of low socioeconomic status typically:

Answer 7

face insecurity

Question 8

Low-SES families are less stable than families of higher-SES because of:

Answer 8

early marriages and economic struggles

Question 9

Children from low-SES families tend to have _____ties with their parents and _____ties with their peers.

Answer 9

weak ties with their parents and strong ties with their peers

Question 10

Which two hormones are secreted in both genders?

Answer 10

Estrogens and androgens

Question 11

Miguel is almost 45 years old and has noticed that his hairline is starting to recede. What typically causes this phenomenon?

Answer 11

Testosterone

Question 12

According to the textbook, __________adolescents have a higher chance of becoming obese than ________adolescents.

Answer 12

poor adolescents; middle-class adolescents

Question 13

“The act of knowing or perceiving” is termed:

Answer 13

cognition

Question 14

Which adolescent researcher would support the statement, “To think is to move”?

Answer 14

Albert Bandura

Question 15

If Miguel is able to think in the abstract and draw logical conclusions, in which of Piaget’s stages would he be categorized?

Answer 15

Formal operational

Question 16

Suppose Harrison has eaten three graham crackers, and his sister, Natalie, has had one. There is one graham cracker left on the plate, and Harrison is still hungry. Harrison then takes the last cracker, as he feels that it is rightfully his. According to Piaget’s stage theory, Harrison’s behavior is an example of:

Answer 16

egocentric reasoning

Question 17

Which two concepts make up an individual’s self-esteem?

Answer 17

Self-concept and identity

Question 18

Kendall wants to become a figure skater when she grows up. She also wants to be a kind, giving person who helps others in need. Kendall’s thoughts exemplify her:

Answer 18

ideal self

Question 19

If a child lacked a positive expected self, what type of future behavior, according to Oyserman and Markus (1990b), would most likely occur?

Answer 19

The child would engage in antisocial and unproductive behavior

Question 20

Konrath et al. (2010) found that Millennials are:

Answer 20

less concerned about others than previous generations

Question 21

The most important early research on moral development was conducted by:

Answer 21

Jean Piaget

Question 22

Research in the United States indicates that the _____, the higher one’s moral reasoning will be.

Answer 22

more educated an individual is

Question 23

Barber (1997) identified three key components to parenting:

Answer 23

connection, regulation, and psychological autonomy

Question 24

Adolescents whose parents give them the freedom to make decisions and privacy have what is called:

Answer 24

psychological autonomy