Midterm Review Flashcards
True or False: (TCA cycle)
Both NADH and FADH2 are products by the TCA cycle
True:
The products of the TCA cycle are :
1 Acetyl CoA = 2CO2 + 3 NADH + 1FADH2 + 1 GTP
True or False: (TCA cycle)
Succinate is a symmetrical molecule
True:
Succinate and Fumarate are symmetrical, so when it comes to them you can’t keep track of which carbon comes from where.
True or False: (TCA cycle)
Pyruvate is a direct substrate for citrate synthase
False:
The direct substrate for citrate synthase is Acetyl CoA.
Pyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA and CO2 before Citrate synthase
True or False: (TCA cycle)
The activity of succinate dehydrogenase is part of mitochondrial complex II of the ETC
True:
Succinate dehydrogenase is also one of the four subunits of the complex II
True or False: (TCA cycle)
Radioactive labeling of carbon has revealed that the carbons that enter the TCA cycle all leave after only one round of cycling
False:
on average, one will be lost as CO2
during the next turn of the cycle and the other in subsequent turns.
True or False:
Phenotypes produced by mitochondrial mutations show maternal inheritance
True:
in a majority of species, the mitochondria in the zygote originate from the oocyte (mother) and not the sperm
True or False:
BAD promotes apoptosis by disrupting the interaction between Bak (Bax) and Bcl-2 (Bcl-xL)
True:
Bak is tightly bound to Bcl-2 and when released it forms large oligomers that form pores and holes in the outer membrane which allows for the release of Cytochrome C into the cytosol
(Cyt C -> binds to Apaf-1 (CED-4) -> activates Caspase-9 (CED-3) -> cleaves and activates caspase 3 and 7 -> APOPTOSIS)
True or False:
EGL-1 Inhibits apoptosis by disrupting the CED-3 / CED-4 complex
False:
EGL-1 is a regulator gene only in C.elegans, it is programmed to die and binds to CED-9
(equivalent to Bad, so it promotes apoptosis)
True or False:
In vertebrates, the release of Cytochrome-C from the mitochondria leads to the activation of caspases
True:
(Cyt C -> binds to Apaf-1 (CED-4) -> activates Caspase-9 (CED-3) -> cleaves and activates caspase 3 and 7 -> APOPTOSIS)
True or False:
The vertebrate caspase Caspase 9 cleaves pro-Caspase 3
True:
(Cyt C -> binds to Apaf-1 (CED-4) -> activates Caspase-9 (CED-3) -> cleaves and activates caspase 3 and 7 -> APOPTOSIS)
What is the function of the Arp 2/3 complex?
- to bundle actin filaments
- to stabilize actin filaments
- to create branched networks of actin filaments
- to bind actin monomers
- to depolymerize actin filaments
To create branched networks of actin filaments
which is NOT a primary function of the cytoskeleton? Select all that apply
-Providing shape and stability to the cell
- spatial organisation of the cell’s content
- Intracellular transport
- Direct energy production via ATP synthesis
- Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate
- Direct energy production via ATP synthesis
- Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate
A biotech company has created a drug that dramatically accelerates the hydrolysis of GTP-tubulin. What would be the drug’s predicted effect if applied to mitotic
cells?
All microtubules would collapse:
