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DDP > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

Design Brief

A

A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria, and its constraints.
The design brief is used to encourage thinking of all aspects of a problem before attempting a
solution.

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2
Q

Problem Identification

A

The recognition of an unwelcome or harmful matter needing to be dealt
with

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3
Q

Design Statement

A

A part of the design brief that challenges the designer, describes what design
solution should do without describing how to solve the problem, and identifies the degree to which
the solution must be executed

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4
Q

Iterative

A

Describing a procedure or process that repeatedly executes a series of operations until
some condition is satisfied

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5
Q

Client

A

A person using the services of a professional person or organization

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6
Q

Target Consumer

A

A person or group for which product or service design efforts are intended

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7
Q

Product

A

A tangible artifact produced by means of either human or mechanical work, or by
biological or chemical process

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8
Q

Constraint

A

A limit to a design process. Constraints may be such things as appearance, funding,
space, materials and human capabilities. (A limitation or restriction)

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9
Q

Numeric Constraint

A

a number value or algebraic equation that is used to control the size or
location of a geometric figure

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10
Q

Geometric Constraint

A

Constant, non-numerical relationships between parts of a geometric figure.
Examples: parallelism, perpendicularity, concentricity

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11
Q

Parallel

A

two or more straight lines that do not intersect

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12
Q

Perpendicular

A

intersecting lines which form right angles

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13
Q

Concentric

A

two or more circular features which share the same center point

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14
Q

Coincident

A

having the same position in space (usually used for points)

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15
Q

Collinear

A

passing through the same straight line

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16
Q

Equal

A

congruent shapes or lines of the same length / angles of same measure

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17
Q

Fixed

A

maintaining a set position in space

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18
Q

Tangent

A

A line or curve that meets another line or curve at one common point

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19
Q

Criteria

A

Principles or standards by which something may be judged or decided

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20
Q

Annotate

A

To add explanatory notes to.

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21
Q

Fillet

A

– A rounded interior blend between two surfaces

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22
Q

Chamfer

A

– A small angled surface formed between two surfaces

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23
Q

Model

A

A visual, mathematical, or three-dimensional representation in detail of an object or
design, often smaller than the original. A model is often used to test ideas, make changes to a
design, and to learn more about what would happen to a similar, real object.

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24
Q

Prototype

A

A full-scale working model used to test a design concept by making actual
observations and necessary adjustments

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25
Q

Mockup

A

Also referred to as an Appearance Model. A model or replica of a machine or structure
for instructional or experimental purposes

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26
Q

Process

A

A systematic sequence of actions that combines resources to produce an output.

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27
Q

Sequential

A

Forming or following a logical order or sequence.

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28
Q

Ergonomic

A

The study of workplace equipment design or how to arrange and design devices,
machines, or workspace so that people and things interact safely and most efficiently.

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29
Q

Aesthetic

A

1) Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty, 2) Of pleasing appearance.

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30
Q

Elements of Design

A

Components used in the creation of a design. [8 elements – point, line,
shape, form, color, value (tone), space and texture]

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31
Q

Gestalt

A

The principle that maintains that the human eye sees objects in their entirety before
perceiving their individual parts

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32
Q

Variety

A

A thing which differs in some way from others of the same general class

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33
Q

Principles of Design

A

The components that encompass a design [7 principles – balance, rhythm,
emphasis, proportion, unity (harmony), economy, contrast]

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34
Q

Balance

A

A condition in which different elements are equal or in the correct proportions. There
are three types of visual balance: symmetry (a.k.a. formal balance), asymmetry (a.k.a. informal
balance), and radial.

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35
Q

Horizontal Balance

A

Left and right side of a design is in similar proportion

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36
Q

Vertical Balance

A

Top and bottom of a design is in similar proportion

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37
Q

Radial Balance

A

Design is in similar proportion in a circular manner around an axis

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38
Q

Contrast

A

1) The state of being noticeably different from something else when put or considered
together, 2) Enhancement of appearance provided by juxtaposing different colors or textures

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39
Q

Rhythm

A

A regularly recurring sequence of events or actions, usually to represent movement
o Regular – An element is repeated at the same interval
o Random – the repetition of the element is random or situated at irregular intervals
o Gradated – the repeated element is identical with the exception of one detail increasing or
decreasing gradually with each repetition
o Graduated – the repeated element becomes closer or further apart

40
Q

Emphasis

A

Special importance, value, or prominence given to something

41
Q

Proportion

A

The relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc

42
Q

Unity/Harmony

A

The state of being united or forming a whole

43
Q

Statistics

A

Collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, organizing,
summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on data

44
Q

Assessment

A

An evaluation technique for technology that requires analyzing benefits and risks,
understand the trade-offs and them determining the best action to that in order to ensure that the
desired positive outcomes outweigh the negative consequences

45
Q

Research

A

The systematic study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new
conclusions.

46
Q

Data

A

Facts and statistics used for reference or analysis

47
Q

Data Set

A

– A group of individual values or bits of information that are related in some way or have
some common characteristic or attribute

48
Q

Mean

A

The average or central value of a set of quantities

49
Q

Median

A

Referring to the middle term or mean of the middle two terms of a series of values
arranged in order of magnitude

50
Q

Mode

A

The value that occurs most frequently in a given data set

51
Q

Range

A

The difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set

52
Q

Dot plot (Line plot)

A

A method of visually displaying a distribution of data values where each
data value is shown as a dot or mark above a number line. Also known as a line plot.

53
Q

Histogram

A

A graph of vertical bars representing the frequency distribution of a set of data

54
Q

Class Interval

A

A group of values that is used to analyze the distribution of data

55
Q

Frequency

A

The rate at which something occurs over a particular period or in a given sample

56
Q

Normal Distribution

A

A function that represents the distribution of variables as a symmetrical
bell-shaped graph

57
Q

Technical Writing

A

A type of expository writing that is used to convey information for technical
or business purposes.

58
Q

Technical Report

A

A document that conveys the results of scientific and technical research, and
provides recommendations for action.

59
Q

Engineer’s Notebook

A

Also referred to as an Engineer’s Logbook. A record of design ideas
generated in the course of an engineer’s employment that others may not claim as their own.

60
Q

Standard

A

Something considered by an authority or by general consent as a basis of comparison.

61
Q

American Nation Standards Institute (ANSI)

A

A private, non-profit organization that coordinates

the development and use of voluntary consensus standards in the United States

62
Q

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

A

A non-governmental global organization

whose principal activity is the development of technical standards through consensus

63
Q

Variation

A

A change or slight difference in condition, amount or level

64
Q

Unit

A

A standard quantity in terms of which other quantities may be expressed.

65
Q

English System

A

The measuring system based on the inch/foot, seconds and pound as units of
length, time and weight or mass.

66
Q

Inch

A

A unit of linear measure equal to 1/12 of a foot.

67
Q

Metric System

A

The decimal measuring system based on the meter, liter, and gram as units of
length, capacity and weight or mass.

68
Q

Millimeter

A

A metric unit of linear measure equal to 1/1000 of a meter

69
Q

Conversion rate from English System to Metric System

A

1 inch = 25.4 mm

70
Q

Annotate

A

To add explanatory notes to

71
Q

Perspective Drawing

A

A form of pictorial drawing in which vanishing points are used to provide
the depth and distortion that is seen with the human eye. Perspective drawings can be drawn using
one, two, and three vanishing points.

72
Q

Computer Aided Design (CAD)

A

For design, the use of a computer to assist in the process of
designing a part, circuit, building, etc. or for drafting, the use of a computer to assist in the process
of communicating a technical drawing

73
Q

Solid modeling

A

– Solid Modeling is a type of 3D CAD process that represents the volume of an
object, not just its lines and surfaces

74
Q

Wireframe Modeling

A

Wireframe Modeling is a 3D CAD process that represents the lines and
surfaces of a design.

75
Q

Pictorial Sketch

A

A sketch that shows an object’s height, width, and depth in a single view, i.e.
shows a design in 3D

76
Q

Isometric Drawing

A

A form of pictorial drawing in which all three drawing axes form equal angles
of 120 degrees with the plane of projection.

77
Q

Two Point Perspective

A
  • A pictorial drawing in which receding lines converge at vanishing points
    on the horizon; the most natural of all pictorial drawings.
78
Q

Orthographic Projection/Multiview Drawing

A

A method of representing three-dimensional objects
on a plane having only length and breadth (ie. 2D) The most commonly used technical drawing for
production purposes

79
Q

Technical Working Drawing

A

A drawing that is used to show the material, size, and shape of a
product for manufacturing purposes

80
Q

Manufacture

A

To make something, especially on a large scale using machinery

81
Q

Object Line

A

Represents outline of object (solid line)

82
Q

Hidden Line

A

Represents an edge that is not directly visible (dotted line)

83
Q

Center Mark

A

Denotes center of circular shapes

84
Q

Centerline Bisector

A

Denotes axis of cylindrical shapes

85
Q

Leader Line

A

Used to dimension radius/diameter of circles

86
Q

Dimension Line

A

Lines with arrowheads used to show dimensions

87
Q

Extension Line

A

Used to identify the extent of a dimension

88
Q

Miter Line

A

45-degree line from corner from front view used to project lines

89
Q

Line Convention

A

Standardization of lines used on technical drawings by line weight and style

90
Q

Line Weight

A

Also called line width. The thickness of a line, characterized as thick or thin

91
Q

Oblique Pictorial

A

A type of drawing involving a combination of a flat, orthographic front with
depth lines receding at a selected angle, usually 45 degrees

92
Q

Cavalier Oblique

A

A form of oblique drawing in which the receding lines are drawn true size, and
usually at a 45 degree angle from horizontal

93
Q

Cabinet Oblique

A

A form of oblique drawing in which the receding lines are drawn at half scale,
and usually at a 45 degree angle from horizontal

94
Q

General Oblique

A

A general oblique is a type of oblique pictorial that represents an object’s width
and height, but the depth can be any size and drawn at any angle

95
Q

Assembly

A

A group of machine or handmade parts that fit together to form a self-contained unit

96
Q

Mate

A

An assembly process used to constrain a surface, line or point to another surface, line or
point such that they remain in contract with one another

97
Q

Flush

A

An assembly process used to align two surfaces at the same height/level.

DDP (1 decks)

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