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pyschology > midterm review > Flashcards

midterm review Flashcards

1
Q

what is the central nervous system made up of?

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

what do bundles of neurons form?

A

nerves

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3
Q

two parts of the peripheral nervous system

A

somatic and autonomic

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4
Q

which peripheral nervous system controls voluntary movement

A

somatic

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5
Q

another name for sensory neurons

A

afferent

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6
Q

what are the brain and spinal cord made of

A

interneurons

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7
Q

another name for motor neurons

A

efferent

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8
Q

charge of a cell at rest

A

-70mv

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9
Q

what part of the neuron recieves the incoming neurotransmitter

A

dendrites

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10
Q

what type of neurotransmitter is needed for a neuron to fire

A

excititory

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11
Q

process where ions flood in and change the charge inside the cell from negative to positive

A

depolarization

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12
Q

what is the process where the electric charge enters the axon of the neruon

A

action potential

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13
Q

fatty tissue that protects the axon

A

myelin sheath

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14
Q

glucose is brought by what cells

A

glia

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15
Q

where is neurotransmitter stored

A

dendrites

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16
Q

space between two neurons

A

synapse

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17
Q

process where extra neurotransmitter left in the synapse is reabsorbed

A

reuptake

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18
Q

rest period after firing

A

refractory period

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19
Q

process where the cell pumps the positive ions out of the cell

A

repolarization

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20
Q

what part of the cortex is responsible for your vision

A

occipital lobes

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21
Q

what part of the cortex is responsible for both hearing and contains your wernicke area

A

temporal lobes

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22
Q

what part of the cortex holds your ablity to make decisions and your brocas area

A

frontal cortex

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23
Q

what part of the cortex is part of the fronal lobe and allows you to position your body

A

motor cortex

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24
Q

what part of the cortex houses the somatosensory cortex and is responsible for mathematical and spacial reasoning

A

parietal lobes

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25
what part of the brain stem carries sensory information from the spinal cord to the thalams
reticular activation system
26
what part of the brain stem and limbic systen controls all senses but smell
thalamus
27
what part of the brain stem controls breathing and heartbeat
medulla
28
this little brain coordinates voluntary muscle movement balance and stores procedural memories
cerebellum
29
part of the endocrine system and produces growth hormone
pituitary gland
30
what part of the limbic system helps encode memories
hippocampus
31
what part of the limbic system regulates fear and aggression
amygdala
32
nervous system structure that helps regualte the production of the hunger hormones
hypothalamus
33
lobes of the brain
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
34
what lobe is the auditory cortex
temporal
35
what lobe is brocas area
left frontal
36
what lobe is motor cortex in
frontal
37
what lobe is visual cortex in
occupital
38
what lobe is somatosensory cortex in
parietal
39
what lobe is the amygdala in
temporal
40
function of the frontal lobe
voluntary movement, expressive language and for managing higher level executive functions
41
function of the parietal lobe
sensory perception and integration, including the management of taste, hearing, sight, touch, and smell
42
function of temporal lobe
processing auditory information and with the encoding of memory
43
function of occupital lobe
decoding the messages sent from your eyes and turning that information into forms the rest of your brain can use
44
what are drugs that mimic the effect of naturally occuring neurotransmitters in your body known as?
pyschoactive drugs
45
types of pyschoactive drugs
depressants, stimulants, opiates, hallucinogens
46
what do depressants do
slown down central nervous system ex: alcohol
47
what do opiates do
act as endorphin (pain killer) ex: opium, heroin and morphine
48
what do stimulants do
speed up central nervous system ex: caffeine, cocaine
49
what do hallucinogens do
cause extrasensory experience ex: marijuna
50
what are antagonist molecules
drugs that SLOW down/ DECREASE nuerotransmitter available at the synapse
51
what are agonist molecules
drugs that INCREASE amount of neurotransmitter at the synapse
52
acetylcholine
enables muscle action, learning and memory alzhemers caused by too little
53
dopamine
infulences movement, learning, attention and emotion schizophrenia caused by too much parkinsons and dpression caused by too little
54
serotonin
affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal depression and anxiety caused by too little
55
GABA
sleep and relaxation
56
glutamate
involved in learning and long term memory too much causes seizures migranes and heart problems
57
endorphins
painkillers
58
substance P
transmission of bain
59
pychophysics
want to find a mathematical relationship between the intensity of a stimulus and its perception
60
absolute threshold
minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time
61
what is siginal detection theory
based on individual expectations, motivations and or fatigue ex: cell phone
62
signal present and human doesnt answer
miss
63
signal present and human responds
hit
64
no signal present, and human doesnt respond
correct rejection
65
no singal present but human responds as if there was one
false alarm
66
just noticeable difference
minimum difference required to detect a change in stimulus intensity noticing a DIFFERENCE between 2 sensations
67
Webers Law
difference in stimulus intensity must differ by a constant miniimum percent rather than a constant amount ex: volume in classroom vs volume in pep rally
68
sensory adaptation (neural adaptation)
the diminished sensitivity of a sensation due to constant exposure, neurons ADAPT to constant stimulation and stop sending signals
69
habituation
reticular formation filters frequent stimulation so we stop experiencing it
70
outer part of the ear made up of fat and cartilage that bends sound waves
pinna
71
ear canal-funnels sound waves to eardrum and produces ear wax
auditory canal
72
ear drum-small flap of skin pulled tight like a drum that sounds waves bounce off of
tympanic membrane
73
three tiny bones moved by vibrations from the eardrum 1. hammer 2. anvil 3. stirrup stirrup hits oval window of the cochlea
ossicles
74
transduction occurs here fluid filled tube-fluid moves when stirrup hits the oval window
cochlea
75
connects ear + nasal passage + throat
eustachian tube
76
corsses into the opposite hemisphere of the brain
auditory nerve
77
height of a sound wave
amplitude
78
number of wavelengths that pass per second
frequency
79
explains how we percieve high frequency (different areas of the basilar membrane respond to different frequencies)
place theory
80
explains how we percieve mid range frequency sounds groups of neurons fire in a coordinated manner to represent a sounds frequency
volley theory
81
explains how we percieve low frequency sounds neurons fire at the same rate as the frequency of teh sound wave
frequence theory
82
hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear (basilar membrane+auditory nerve) cant convert sound waves to neural signals
sensorineural hearing loss
83
hearing loss caused by damage to the tympanic membrane hard time with quiet low frequency sounds
conduction hearing loss
84
transparent dome in front of the eye that bends light waves
cornea
85
black hole in the middle of the eye that allows light waves to reach the retina
pupil
86
colored ring of the eye muscle that allows pupil to expand/contract
iris
87
clear part behind iris that focuses light waves onto the retina
lens
88
light sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye WHERE TRANSDUCTION OCCURS
retina
89
contains majority of the cones-where your vision is the sharpest (acuity)
fovea centralis
90
aka optic disc spot on the retina where no photoreceptor cells exist so no image forms spot where the optic nerve leaves the eye
blind spot
91

pyschology (2 decks)

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