midterm review Flashcards
CP
communist party, directed by the only communist party of the time (soviets),
socialists
not communists, hated them
anarchists
red and black, leftist faction, don’t want strict state control cornerstone of socialist and communist values
POUM
non-stalinist communists who were eventually executed/liquidated, called trotskyites
SIM
republic military intelligence
IB
international brigades, led by andre marty
republic/government (fwtbt)
good/anti-fascist side of for whom the bell tolls, fighting nationalists
nationalists/army
fascist side of for whom the bell tolls, fighting republic, win
spain before 1936
super poor; no literacy, education for women; estates farmed by peasants; hierarchical society; catholic church controls education
nationalist allies
germany (hitler), italy (mussolini)
republic allies
USSR
unintentional (?) nationalist allies
us, uk, and france are neutral but it ends up helping the nationalists and leading to the rise of the CP in spain
guernica
firebombing of city by hitler’s legions in 1937, city razed to ground, seen as symbolic of fascist violence against citizens
may 1937
POUM declared illegal bc they published criticism of stalin, CP ends them, hemingway pro POUM crackdown, thought it was necessary
end of SCW
april 1, 1939
red terror
committed by the republic, early in the war, 38-55k civilians killed, local personal grudges, unorganized, mostly industrialists landowners and ppl that sided with the church killed
white terror
by the nationalists, 155-200k killed, orderly through courts, continues after war, franco randomly chose ppl to pardon from stack of executions
francisco franco
ruled spain as dictator 1939-1975, dissolves spanish parliament when he takes control
enlightenment
1687-1804 (begins with publication of newton’s principia mathematica), stresses rationality, scientific method, purpose of society is to serve the citizen, natural rights and shi
adam smith
english philosopher, talked about the “invisible hand” controlling the market and making prices and stuff aka capitalism aka the market place adjusts prices to benefit the shop owner, consumer, etc
john locke
english philosopher, natural rights, social contract, life liberty and pursuit of happiness, ppl should have rights
rene descartes
french philosopher, created the coordinate plane, cogito ergo sum (if you can doubt your existence you must exist?)
voltaire
french philosopher, civil liberties, free speech, tolerance of other religions
rousseau
french philosopher, social contract, republic/representative gov’t, prefers “state of nature” (pre civilization era of humanity)
deism
philosophy where ppl don’t believe god has an active role is society, god as clockmaker, jefferson franklin etc were deists
great awakening
opposite of enlightenment kinda, opposed to the creeping materialism in religion, most popular in the south then the mid atlantic then the north, ppl wanted control over their religious lives,
new lights vs old lights
both part of ga, new lights were more radical than old lights, not okay with the acquisitive mindset of late; old lights were more conservative, okay with acquisitive mindset, said new lights were too radical
george whitefield
“great itinerant” preacher, english
total amount of slaves sent to western hemisphere
9-10 mil
chattel slavery
where slaves are treated like property akin to livestock rather than actual people, occurred in north and south america, not africa
sugar cane
dangerous, demanding work for slaves, made the most money, super deadly, occurred where it’s warm (south america)
conspicuous consumption
coffee, sugar, tobacco, etc more popular bc of urbanization and ir (ppl working office jobs needed coffee and shi), ir creates more wealth, ppl have money to buy sugar and be seen buying sugar
end of slave trade
abolished by the british in 1807
washington irving
seen as first american to earn international rep in literature, rip van winkle, the legend of sleepy hollow
american renaissance dates
1830s-1850s (antebellum)
harriet jacobs
incidents in the life of a slave girl
frederick douglass
narrative, my bondage and my freedom
walt whitman
leaves of grass
margaret fuller
the great lawsuit
romanticisim
origin of transcendentalism, in europe and america, revolt against scientific rationalism and IR, romantics skeptical of industry working capitalism, tends toward overstatement and exaggeration
transcendalism
emerson, thoreau, fuller; believe everyone has their own soul and that there’s a spiritual dimension and that the bond between them crosses physical boundaries, believe ppl are inherently good
the oversoul
emerson’s term for the universal supreme being, nebulous even in its relationship to the individual soul
intersubjectivity
the deep intermixing of consciousnesses in a way that changes one or both of them, also focus on understanding objects based on how they change - darwinism and marxism
crevecoeur
letters from an american farmer
thomas paine
common sense
james madison
fed 10
alexander hamilton
fed 1
nathaniel hawthorne
the minister’s black veil, the birth-mark
edgar allen poe
the fall of the house of usher, the purloined letter
ralph waldo emerson
nature
henry david thoreau
resistance to civil government, where i lived and what i lived for (walden)
william hathorne
nathaniel hawthorne’s great-great-great grandfather, lawyer guy
john hathorne
nathaniel hawthorne’s great-great grandfather, judge during salem witch trials
hathorne fam
dad’s side of hathorne’s fam descended from puritans, affect how he writes them; treated his mother poorly on the basis of their family line bc they didn’t think she was worthy to be married to his dad; changes hathorne to hawthorne to distance himself from them
patronage system
buyers preorder books, there’s only enough supply to full the preorders
publishing system
book comes first and ppl buy after, movement from scarcity to abundance, allowed hawthorne to entertain his dream of becoming rich and famous
copies sold of tsl
7800
