Midterm Review Flashcards
During Ancient times, people believed that disease and illness were caused by…
Demons and Evil Spirits
Who discovered penicillin?
Sir Alexander Fleming
What herbal medication was used during primitive times for pain and is still used today?
Morphine and Digitalis
Who is the Founder of Modern Nursing?
Florence Nightingale
Who were the earliest people to keep accurate medical records?
Ancient Egyptians
Who invented the stethoscope?
Rene Laennec
Who is known as the Father of Comparative Anatomy
Aristotle
Who invented the Microscope?
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Who is Joseph Lister?
Started using disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery to prevent infection
Oath of high standard of ethics taken by physicians still today…
Oath of Hippocrates (AKA: Hippocratic Oath)
Who is the Father of Medicine?
Hippocrates
-itis
inflammation of
-ectomy
surgical removal of
hyper-
above normal, excessivly
hypo-
decreased, deficient, low
A-, an-
without, lacking of
anti-
against
dis-
separation; taking apart
ab-
away from
ad-
towards, beside
-esis
condition of
hetero-
different; varied, other, unlike
-ology
study of
-osis
condition, state
post-
after, behind
pre-
before, in front of
BID
Two times a day
DOB
Date of birth
DX
Diagnosis
IM
Intramuscular
IV
Intravenous
NPO
Nothing by mouth
OTC
Over the counter
PC
After meals
PO
By mouth
PRN
As needed
Q
Every
QH
Every hour
QID
Four times a day
Rx
Prescriptions
TID
Three times a day
Administrative Services
Business people who “run the hospital”, oversee budgeting & finance, establish hospital policies & procedures, often perform public relation duties
Informational Services
Document & process info, includes: Admissions, Billing & Collecting, Medical Records, Computer info systems, Health Education, Human Resources
Therapeutic Services
Provides treatment to patients, includes: Physical therapy, Occupational therapy, speech/Language Pathology, Respiratory Therapy, etc.
Diagnostic Services
Determines the cause(s) of illness or injury, includes: Medical Laboratory, Medical Imaging, Emergency Medicine
Support Services
Provides support for entire hospital, includes: Central Supply/Materials Manager, Biomedical Technology, Housekeeping & Maintenance
Culture
Values, beliefs, attitudes, symbols, rituals, behaviors, and customs of a group of people & passed from one generation to the next
Culture Diversity
Differences among individuals based on cultural, ethic, and racial factors
What is Cost Containment?
Trying to control the rising cost of healthcare & achieving the maximum benefit for every dollar spent
What are methods of cost Containment?
Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs), reduced reimbursement, energy conservation, combination of services
What does “geriatric care” mean?
Providing high-quality, patient-centered care for older adults
What are ways to promote wellness?
Physical, emotional, social, mental and intellectual, spiritual
ABX
Antibiotic
AC
Before meals
amt
amount
ASA
Aspirin
BID
Twice a day
BX
Biopsy
D
Day
DOB
Date of Birth
DX
Diagnosis
H
Hour
ID
Intradermal
INJ
Injection
IM
Intramuscular
IV
Intravenous
NPO
Nothing by mouth
OTC
Over the counter
PC
After meals
PO
By mouth
PRN
As needed
Q
Every
QD
Every day
QH
Every hour
QID
Four times a day
Rx
Prescription
Sig
To be labeled accordingly
SQ, subq
Subcutaneous
TID
Three times a day
@
At
c
with
up arrow
Increase
down arrow
Decrease
>
Greater than
≥
Greater than or equal to
<
Less than
≤
Less than or equal to
♀
Female
♂
Male
#
Number
Co-insurance
Specific percentages of expenses shared by patient and insurance company (80%-20%)
Co-payment
Specific amount of money a patient pays for a particular service ($30 office visit)
Premium
Amount paid each month or quarterly for health insurance
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, enforced standards that protect workers from job related injuries and illness
Insurance plan that provides treatment to workers injured on the job?
Worker’s Compensation
What does FDA stand for and purpose?
Food and Drug Administration, responsible for regulating food and Drug products sold to the public
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, concerned with causes, spread and control of disease in populations
Who does Medicare cover?
Individuals over the age of 65
Who does Medicaid cover?
Individuals with low-income, disabled, blind, children who qualify for public assistance
Laboratories
Perform diagnostic tests such as blood and urine test
Mental Health Facilities
Include counseling center, psychiatric clinics and chemical abuse treatment centers
Rehabilitation Facilities
Provide physical, occupational, speech and other therapies
University Hospitals
Provide medical services along with education and research
Optical Center
Provide vision examinations prescribe eyeglasses or contact lenses and check for the presence of eye disease
Emergency Care Centers
Provide care for accidents or sudden illness
Hospice
Provides care to the terminally ill (less than 6 months), while allowing them to die with dignity
What is an Associate’s Degree?
2-year course of study at community college or vocational tech school
What is a Bachelor’s Degree?
4-year course at college/university
What is a Master’s Degree?
1 or more years of study beyond a Bachelor’s
What is a multi competent or multi skilled worker?
Can perform in a variety of occupations
What is a technician?
What is a technologist?
What is a phlebotomist?
What is a oncologist?
What is a gastroenterologist?
ad-
to, toward, near
ab-
from, away
ankyl/o
crooked, bent, stiff
arthr/o
joint
a-, an-
without, lack of
-algia
pain
chondr/l, chondr/o
cartilage
cost/o
rib
crani/o
skull
-desis
to bind, tie together
kyph/o
bent, hump
lord/o
curve, swayback
-lysis
loosening, setting free
scoli/o
curved, bent
oste/o
bone
synovi/o, synov/o
synovial membrane
spondyl/o
vertebrae, backbone
FX
fracture
-um
singular noun ending
PMR
polymyalgia rheumatica
OA
osteoarthritis
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
aur-
ear
blephar/o
eyelid
-cusis
hearing
irid/o
iris, colored part of the eye
kerat/o
horny, hard, cornea
myring/o
tympanic membrane, eardrum
ophthalm/o
eye, vision
-opia
vision, cordition
opt/o
eye,vision
ot/o
ear, hearing
phak/o
lens of eye
presby/o
old age
retin/o
retina
scler/o
sclera, white of the eye, hard
trop/o
torn, charge
tympan/o
tympanic membrane, eardrum
AD
right ear
AS
left ear
AU
both ears
OD
right eye
OS
left eye
OU
both eyes
CI
conjuctivitis
G, glu
glaucoma
MD
macular degenetarion
RD
retinal development
VA
visual activity
VF
visual field
An appearance of a professional Health worker
In uniform, ID on, close toe shoes, fingernails short and without polish, hair up and out the way, make up kept to a mininmum
Tact
Ability to present information or handle situations
Enthusiasm
Display a positive attitude and enjoy work
Responsibility
Willing to be held accountable for your actions
discretion
Used good judgement when speaking and performing tasks
Empathy
Understanding other feelings
Competence
Educated and confident but will ask for help if unsure
Self motivation
Do things without being asked
Patience
Tolerant and understanding
Tort
Wrongful acts that do not involve contracts, when person is harmed or injured
Negligence
Failure to give care resulting in injury to another person
Malpractice
“bad practice”
Ethics
Set of principles relating to what’s right or wrong
Patient’s Self Determination Act
Mandates all healthcare facilities receiving any type of federal aid
Privileged communication
All info given to health care personnel by patient must be kept confidential
Slander
Info is spoken (False statement)
Libel
Info is written (False statement)
Assault
A threat or attempt to injure
Battery
The unlawful touching of another person without consent
Which types of abuse must be reported to the proper authorities?
Physical, verbal, psychological, sexual
Who owns health records?
The Health Care Provider
What is Legal Disability?
Doesn’t have the legal capacity to form a legal contract
Give examples of someone who has legal disbaility
Minors, mentally incompetent people, under the influence people
What does HIPAA stand for?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
What does HIPAA protect?
Required standards to be established to protect health information
What does DNR stand for?
Do Not Resuscitate
How do you identify a patient?
Check the name band, state the patient’s name clearly and double check
Define Advanced Directives
Written statements/documents to implement the patient’s rights in decision-making
What is criminal law?
Focuses on crime, wrongs against a person, property, or society
