Midterm Review Flashcards
How many IVDs are in the cervical spine?
6
Which of the following is NOT a key structure to mark for line analysis purposes on the lateral cervical view?
A) posterior aspect of the occipital condyle
B) bifurcation of the hard palate
C) narrowest portion of the C1 posterior arch
D) center of the C1 anterior tubercle
B) bifurcation of the hard palate
All of the following visual criteria indicate C1 inferiority EXCEPT
A) an atlas plane line that appears parallel to the bottom of the image
B) an ADI space that appears as an upright V
C) an A/O joint that appears open to the posterior
D) approximation of the posterior tubercle of C1 to the occiput
C) an A/O joint that appears open to the posterior
In the cervical chair, what are the lines of drive when adjusting a C6 PRS?
P-A, I-S, and L-M
When performing line analysis on the lateral cervical view, what is the reference value for determining segmental posteriority?
greater than or equal to 0.50 mm
If the atlas plane line sits 7 degrees above the listing line, then what info should be documented on the area study form?
3 degrees of abnormal C1 superiority
When marking George’s lines on the lateral cervical view, how many mouse clicks are required to place the correct number of analysis lines (assuming the superior endplate of T2 can be visualized)?
14
The nasium is the view of choice for determining
C1 laterality
Symmetrical points placed within each ocular orbit help establish the __________ on the nasium view
SBL
What is the C2 listing on the nasium view if the analysis point placed at the center of the base of the dens is left of the median line and the analysis point placed at the superior aspect of the C2 SP is right of the median line?
CPBL
On the nasium view, an accurate median line requires proper analysis point placement on which structure bilaterally?
MITs
In terms of image acquisition, which of the following pre-exposure improvements would enhance the accuracy of base posterior line analysis?
A) increase the kVp by 15% and double the mAs
B) decrease the tube tilt to 40 degrees cephalad
C) neutralize the patient’s head rotation
D) tighten both collimation shutters
C) neutralize the patient’s head rotation
Approximation of the V line and IWL indicate
the side of C1 anterior rotation
According to George’s lines, which segment(s) should be further analyzed on the APOM view?
none
Which of the following structures is considered part of the anterior motor unit?
A) spinous process
B) PLL
C) facet joint
D) pedicle
B) PLL
Which of the following criteria is NOT considered a primary visual finding in the Palmer/Sherman analysis system finding for segmental posteriority on the lateral cervical view?
A) SP approximation
B) IVF encroachment
C) facet approximation at the posterior of the joint
D) a posterior body line posterior to the subjacent segment’s posterior body line
B) IVF encroachment
Based on line analysis, what are the first 2 letters of the atlas listing with appropriate rationale?
AS normal superiority
An atlas that appears parallel to the bottom of the image
is listed as AI
Based on knowledge of lateral cervical line analysis, what is the most likely listing of the lumbosacral articulation?
posterior inferior L5
If segmental posteriority was found on the lateral view, then what is the L5 listing?
PLI-M
If the LL superimposes the AL, then what are the first 2 letters of the C1 listing with appropriate rationale?
AI (0 degrees - 4 degrees= 4 degree inferiority)
To what structure does A point to?
internal margin of the C1 lateral mass
To what joint space does C point to?
lateral aspect of the A/O joint
The APOM is the view of choice for listing
C3-C7 rotation and lateral wedging
Which of the following is NOT required to create the ML?
A) 3 sets of symmetrical points in the ocular orbits
B) dots placed in the center of C1 transverse foramen
C) the horizontal orthogonal angle tool
D) the IBL
B) dots placed in the center of C1 transverse foramen
A larger measured distance from the ML to the atlas analysis point indicates the side of
C1 laterality
Which line is NOT pictured in the image below?
SWL
Which of the following factors may render line analysis of the BP view invalid?
A) neutralization of excessive head rotation during the image acquisition process
B) an anterior occipital condyle
C) a PS-RS-RA occiput on the side of an ASRP atlas
D) 10” x 12” collimation
B) an anterior occipital condyle
The IBL should represent
the side and severity of head tilt, if present
Which of the following criteria is considered most credible when visually assessing C1 laterality on the nasium?
A) a wider inter-odontoid space on the side of C1 laterality
B) an A/A joint wedged open at the lateral aspect of the joint surface on the side of C1 laterality
C) a longer A/O joint
D) overlap of the infero-lateral corner of the C1 lateral mass on the SAS of C2
C) a longer A/O joint
In the Palmer/Sherman HIO model, what best describes the primary direction of C1 misalignment?
A) an arcuate motion “up” the occipital condyle
B) lateral displacement in relation to the SAS of C2
C) superiority in relation to the hard palate
D) rotationally around the odontoid process
A) an arcuate motion “up” the occipital condyle
If the examining doctor motion palpates a flexion/extension restriction at C6 during the spinal exam, how can they further analyze this finding on a radiograph?
by comparing the PBL of C6 to C7 on the lateral cervical view
During the spinal exam, the examining doctor finds the following motion restrictions at C7: flexion/extension, left rotation, right lateral flexion. What is the C7 listing (assume segmental posteriority)?
PLI-L
There are _______ pairs of spinal nerves in the cervical region
8
Increased distance between an object and the bucky (which holds the xray cassette) will
increase magnification
