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Art of Cinema (FTVS-1010-01-06) > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of “cinema”?

A

the process of creating movies by reflecting images onto a screen

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2
Q

What is the definition of “art of cinema”?

A

using motion picture design to attract/sustain an audience’s attention (an art form)

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3
Q

What is the “persistence of vision”?

A

the tendency of an image to linger briefly on our retina

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4
Q

What is the “phi phenomenon”?

A

phenomenon where a series of still images are perceived as continuous

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5
Q

What is a daguerreotype camera (1839)?

A

treats silver-plated copper sheets with iodine to make them sensitive to light, then exposes them to a camera and develops the images with warm mercury vapor

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6
Q

Who invented the daguerreotype camera?

A

Louis Daguerre

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7
Q

Who invented the zoopraxiscope in 1878?

A

Eadweard Muybridge

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8
Q

What is a zoopraxiscope?

A

a device in which images were placed along the rim of a circular glass plate, the shutter was a rotating opaque disk with radical slots, and a limelight source was used

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9
Q

What is a zoetrope?

A

a toy in which figures on the inside of a revolving cylinder are viewed through slits in its circumference and appear like a single animated figure

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10
Q

What is a photographic gun?

A

a device that captures multiple images of a moving object at a high speed to study its motion

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11
Q

What is celluloid-based film stock?

A

transparent, flexible plastic film stock used to record/distribute motion pictures from 1880s-1950s

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11
Q

Who invented the photographic gun?

A

Étienne-Jules Marey

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12
Q

Who invented celluloid-based film stock?

A

George Eastman

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13
Q

What is a kinetograph?

A

a camera that captured motion pictures, motor-powered, used a slot to create the illusion of motion

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14
Q

What is a kinetoscope?

A

a peephole viewfinder that allowed people to watch motion pictures

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15
Q

Who invented the kinetograph and the kinetoscope?

A

Thomas Edison

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16
Q

Who directed Singin’ in the Rain (1952)?

A

Stanley Donen and Gene Kelly

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17
Q

Who directed Illusions (1982)?

A

Julie Dash

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18
Q

What are the 3 distinct/blended “what’s it about?” meanings?

A
  1. plot/story (what happens?) (objective)
  2. subject (topics addressed) (subjective)
  3. theme (thematic meanings) (subjective)
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19
Q

Who directed The Great Train Robbery (1903)?

A

Edwin S. Porter

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20
Q

What is the definition of “story”?

A

the chain of events in chronological order

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21
Q

What is the definition of “plot”?

A

the arrangement of events in chronological/non-chronological order

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22
Q

What are the 2 types of plot structure?

A
  1. linear
  2. nonlinear
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23
Q

What is omniscient narration?

A

all-knowing/extremely knowledgeable narration

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24
Q

What happens in Act 1?

A

set up

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25
Q

What happens in Act 2?

A

confrontation

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26
Q

What happens in Act 3?

A

resolution

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27
Q

What is the idea of unity/coherence, narratively speaking?

A

everything in the film connects to one thing, develops logically, there seems to be no gaps, and only contains motivated elements

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28
Q

What is the “authorship dilemma”?

A

Who is the author of the film?

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29
Q

What is the director responsible for?

A

the film’s form and style

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30
Q

What is the definition of form?

A

overall patterning of the film, how parts work together to create specific effects

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31
Q

What is the definition of style?

A

the use of cinematic techniques (mise-en-scene, cinematography, editing, sound, etc.)

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32
Q

What is mise-en-scene?

A

everything in the shot, the arrangement of people, places, objects, etc. (including lighting)

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33
Q

What is cinematography?

A

the camera’s contribution to meaning

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34
Q

What is a closed set?

A

a set constructed for the purpose of the scene

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35
Q

What is an open set?

A

a real place where the set is uncontrolled

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36
Q

What is transparency (set design)?

A

set design that supports the story and creates a believable environment that enhances the narrative

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37
Q

What is self-reflexivity (set design)?

A

set design that draws attention to the artifice of the film, comments on the filmmaking process

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38
Q

What are functional props?

A

props that move the plot

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39
Q

What are metaphorical props?

A

what the characters use as props suddenly take on a different meaning

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40
Q

What are 4 performance-related elements?

A
  1. blocking
  2. props
  3. clothing/accessories
  4. makeup/hair
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41
Q

How is a 3-point lighting system set up?

A

the key light comes diagonally from the font, a fill light comes from a position near the camera, and a backlight comes from behind

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42
Q

What is a key light?

A

main light source

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43
Q

What is the purpose of a fill light?

A

prevents jarring contrast from key light (reflective)

44
Q

What is the purpose of the backlight?

A

distinguishes subject from background

45
Q

hard lighting

A

high contrast, creates clearly defined shadows, crisp textures, sharp edges, etc.

46
Q

soft lighting

A

low contrast, creates a diffused illumination

47
Q

direction

A

refers to the path of light from its source/sources of the object lit

48
Q

source

A

the pattern of illumination is motivated by visible sources

49
Q

Who directed The Worst Person in the World (2021)?

A

Joachim Trier

50
Q

Who directed A Fistful of Dollars (1964)?

A

Sergio Leone

51
Q

What are 4 elements of narrative design?

A
  1. story vs. plot
  2. types of plot structure
  3. characters
  4. unity and coherence
52
Q

What are 4 elements of cinematography?

A
  1. position (where the camera is in relation to the subject)
  2. speed (how fast we are recording footage)
  3. distance
  4. exposure
53
Q

What is the aspect ratio of Singin’ in the Rain?

A

1.37:1 (former Academy ratio)

54
Q

What is the aspect ratio of The Worst Person in the World?

A

1.85:1 (widescreen/current Academy ratio)

55
Q

What is the aspect ratio of A Fistful of Dollars?

A

2.35:1 (scope ratio)

56
Q

What is the definition of “aspect ratio”?

A

the relationship of the frame’s width to its height

57
Q

straight angle

A

the audience is looking straight/head-on at the subject

58
Q

high angle

A

the camera is positioned above the subject

59
Q

low angle

A

the camera is positioned below the subject

60
Q

on-screen space

A

the part of the scene that is visible to the audience, full control over what the audience sees

61
Q

off-screen space

A

the part of the scene not visible to the audience, uses this space to encourage audiences to make assumptions about what is happening outside the frame

62
Q

wide shot

A

can see a bit of characters emotions

63
Q

medium wide shot

A

from the knees up

64
Q

medium shot

A

waist up/lower chest up

65
Q

medium close up

A

shoulder up

66
Q

close up

A

face up

67
Q

extreme close up

A

singles out a portion of the frame

68
Q

What is masking?

A

putting something in front of the camera (ex: vignette)

69
Q

deep depth of field

A

focus of foreground/background simultaneously

70
Q

shallow depth of field

A

one plane is in focus while others are not

71
Q

racked depth of field

A

the focal point changes

72
Q

pan

A

turns horizontally, the camera itself does not move

73
Q

tilt

A

turns vertically, the camera itself does not move

74
Q

tracking/dolly

A

the camera as a whole changes position

75
Q

special effects (SFX)

A

practical effects created on set, such as explosions, makeup, stunts, etc.

76
Q

visual effects (VFX)

A

digital effects created in post-production, such as CGI, animation, matte paintings, etc.

77
Q

Who is the director of Children of Men (2006)?

A

Alfonso Cuarón

78
Q

How many shots are in Singin’ in the Rain (1952)?

A

362 shots

79
Q

How many shots are in The Worst Person in the World (2021)?

A

884 shots

80
Q

How many shots are in A Fistful of Dollars (1964)?

A

889 shots

81
Q

How many shots are in Children of Men (2006)?

A

375 shots

82
Q

What are 2 analytical challenges of editing?

A
  1. temporal design (manipulates the order/duration of scenes to influence narrative structure/pacing)
  2. invisible (make transitions between scenes so smooth/seamless that the viewer is unaware of it)
83
Q

What was the average number of shots in a film from 1930-1960?

A

300-700 shots

84
Q

What is the average number of shots in a film today?

A

1100-1200 shots

85
Q

180-degree rule

A

maintains visual consistency by only filming from one side of the space

86
Q

jump cut

A

sudden transition/cut that highlights the edit/makes it seem like time has jumped

87
Q

What is the 30-degree rule?

A

the angles by which you are cutting should be at least 30 degrees apart

88
Q

What is eyeline matching?

A

shot A presents someone looking offscreen and shot B shows us what is being looked at

89
Q

shot/reverse shot

A

the 180-degree line has been established so we can show one endpoint of the line, then the other

90
Q

What is collision/dialectical montage?

A

dissimilar shots being put together to create meaning

91
Q

What is a thematic montage?

A

similar shots being put together to create meaning

92
Q

What is a “Hollywood” montage?

A

a series of shots are put together to condense space/time

93
Q

What is cross-cutting?

A

alternating between different scenes to expand/condense time and space

94
Q

What are 3 different types of cross-cutting?

A
  1. same time/different place
  2. same place/different time
  3. different place/different time
95
Q

What is a direct cut?

A

an instantaneous change from one shot to another

96
Q

What is a fade-in?

A

lightens a shot from black

97
Q

What is a fade-out?

A

gradually darkens end of shot to black

98
Q

What is a dissolve?

A

briefly superimposes the end of shot A and the beginning of shot B

99
Q

What is a wipe?

A

shot B replaces shot A by means of a boundary line moving across the screen

100
Q

What is a superimposition?

A

images are laid over one another, creating multiple perspectives within the frame

101
Q

What is a freeze frame?

A

adding a frame hold to pause a clip at a specific moment

102
Q

What is the “iris” effect?

A

uses a circular motion to gradually open/close the screen, similar to the shape of a camera’s iris

103
Q

Who directed Anatomy of a Fall (2023)?

A

Justine Triet

104
Q

What are 4 analytical challenges of sound?

A
  1. cinema is considered a visual art (despite the obvious power of sound)
  2. “silent” films are a successful art form
  3. hard to remember sounds (unless repeated)
  4. lack of simple terminology
105
Q

What was the difference between the Vitaphone (Warner Bros.) and the Movietone (Fox)?

A

sound on disc (record player) vs. sound on film (sound is actually on the strip)

106
Q

What are the technical standard adjustments for cameras and projectors?

A

24 FPS

107
Q

What are the 4 elements of a soundtrack?

A
  1. verbal
  2. music
  3. sound effects
  4. silence
108
Q
A

Art of Cinema (FTVS-1010-01-06) (1 decks)

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