Midterm Review Flashcards
what is a chance experiment?
any situation where there is uncertainty about which of 2 or more outcomes will result
what is sample space?
the set of all possible outcomes from a chance experiment
what is an event?
any collection of outcomes from a chance experiment
can encompass single OR multiple outcomes
what is a simple event?
a type of event consisting of only ONE outcome
what is the complement of A?
an event where A does NOT occur
encompasses every single outcome that is not a part of event A
what is the intersection of A and B?
an event where both A and B occur
focuses on the overlap between the outcomes
includes outcomes ONLY present in BOTH A and B
what is the union of A or B?
an event where either A or B occur OR both
combines both outcomes AND any overlap
what are mutually exclusive events?
events that cannot happen simultaneously
no outcomes are shared
no overlap between events
how can we estimate the probability of an event (P(E))?
when a sufficient # of chance experiments have been performed
P(E) = # of times E occurs / # of times the experiment was done
what is the smallest and largest # that probability can be?
must be greater than OR equal to 0 AND lesser than OR equal to 1
0 meaning the event is impossible, 1 meaning the event is certain to occur
what will the sum of all probabilities of an event + its complement equal to?
1
ex. P(A) = 0.40, then P(not A) = 0.60
P(A) + P(not A) = 1
if A and B cannot happen together (mutually exclusive), what is the probability of A or B happening?
the sum of their individual probabilities
ex. A and B are mutually exclusive, so P(A∩B) = 0
therefore, P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B)
what is conditional probability?
the probability of one event happening given that another event has already happened
what is an independent event?
events where the occurrence of 1 event does NOT affect the likelihood of the other event occurring
what is a dependent event?
events where the occurrence of 1 event DOES affect the likelihood of the other event occurring
