Midterm Review Flashcards
Envritonmentalists
are concerned with people and their environment
the concept of sustainable development is to
meet the needs for the infinite future
the case study of Easter Island demonstrates that
all of the above
Technology
all of the above
Some enviornmentalists say that most enviornmental crises are based ultimately on
population growth
The main problem caused by population growth is
increasing demand for all resources
Loss of biodiversity is caused by
all of the above
Which statement is a feature of sustainable development as envisioned by many environmentalists
all of the above
Global trends of particular concern to enviornmentalists are
all of the above
Factors that contribute to a loss of global biodiversity include
all of the above
maintaining global biodiversity is important for humans because
all of the above
Humans as a species are capable of radically altering earth’s ecosystem. one goal of the environmental movement is to maintain a long’term relationship with the natural world. Three themes that provide direction to this goal are
sustainability, stewardship, sound science
the concept of sustainability as applied to fish species means we will manage fisheries to
maintain viable populations of all fish species
in the united states, the environmental movement
all of the above
reasons for scientific controversy include:
all of the above
which is the correct sequence of activities when applying the scientific method
observation, question, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, theory or refined hypothesis
which of the following are characteristics of developing countries
all of the above
soils are degraded by
all of the above
carbon dioxide gas is
all of the above
organized envionmental group s such as the national audubon society, national wildlife federation, nature conservancy, and the sierra club promote environmental stewardship
all of the above
examples of sophisticated civilizations whose alteration of their environment contributed to the societys demise include
all of the above
which of the following are examples of sustainable resource management
all of the above
if i carpoll with a neighbor i think i can reduce my weekly expenses
hypothesis
my expenses exceed my allowance by 5/week
observation/question
you carpool with your neighbor ad 5.
experiment
if i carpool my weekly expenses now equal my available income
theory/revised hypothesis/conclusion
all of the species on earth together with their environments collectively comprise the
biosphere
a species is best defined as
the total population of a kind of plan, animal, or microbe that can interbreed and produce young
an ecosystem is best defines as
a grouping of plants and animals which interact with each other and their environment in a way such that the entire grouping is perpetuated
a grouping of plants, animals, and microbes interacting with earth other and their environment in such a way thta the group is sustained is defined as
a species
several related ecosystems make up
a biome
all of the biomes of the earth make up
the biosphere
the major natural ecosystem of the central united states (iowa, kansas, nebraska_ was
grassland
which of the following biomes does not occur in the US
tropical rain forest
which of the following is not abiotic
bacteria
abiotic means
nonliving
which of the follwoing is not an ecological category of organisms found
inorganic
the three major biotic components of ecosystem structure are
producers, consumers, detritus feedrs and decomposers
in most ecosystems , the producers are the
green plants
the process that photoautotrophic producers perform that is not performed by other organisms in most ecosystems is
photosynthesis
the process of photosynthesis does not include
consuming organic food
which of the following would be considered inorganic
nitrogen, water, and phospates
which of the following dervie energy for growth directly from abiotic energy sources
heterotrophs
the important material that producers synthesize is
carbon dioxide
light provides plants with
energy
plant producers obtain chemical nutrients from
all of the above
those organisms that produce their own organic material from inorganic materials as an energy source are referred to as
autotrophs
organisms that feed on other living organisms as a source of their energy and nutrients are called
consumers
animals that feed directly on green plants are called
herbivores
animals that feed directly on green plants (living or dead) cannot be
carnivores
what kind of relationship generally occurs among cats and mice
predator-prey
which of the following is not a consumer
an oak tree
dead plant and animal material and fecal wastes are referred to as
detritus
animals such as earthworms, millipedes, and termites which feed on dead organic matter, are
detritus feeders
which of the following terms would not apply to a mushroom
producer
which of the following is not correctly matched
mushroom-detritus
a description of all the feeding relationships among plants and animals and among various animals is best defined as
a food web
all primary consumers belong to what feeding level of a web
trophic level two
the first trophic level refers to
all green plants
when we speak of the biomass of producers in an ecosystem, we refer to
the combined weight or mass of all producer organisms added together
in a natural ecosystem the biomass of herbivores will be _____ the biomass of carnivores
greater than
a relationship between two organisms in which both benefit
is known as mutualism
approximately what percentage of biomass energy will be passed on to the next energy level in a typical food chain
10%
an example of mutualism would bw
a hummingbird getting nectar from a red flower
abiotic factors refer to
physical and chemical factors of the environment
the amount of a required factor which is most favorable for an organisms growth and reproduction is known as
the optimum level
if 27 degrees c is the optimum temperature for a plan, this means that the plant will do
less well at both higher and lower temperatures
the point where an organism just barely survives is called
limit of tolerance
different species tend to have different
all of the above
all factors for growing a particular plant are ideal except one single factor that is too high (above its limit of tolerance. the result will be that
the plant will die
as an abiotic factor affecting a particular species changes from the optimum to the limit of tolerance for the species, the species will
all of the above
two or more factors that interact to cause an effect greater than one would expect from the effects of the two acting separately is called
synergism
the limiting factor which is responsible for the transitions from forests to grasslands to deserts is
all of the above
the climate of a region refers to its
temperature and precipitation
the population density of a species is
the number of individuals per unit area
for a given animal which of the following is not a biotic factor
the air it breathes
the amount of water available to a plant will be influenced by
all of the above
subsoil that is permanently frozen is termed
permafrost
specific major biomes such as deserts, forests, and grassland are mainly determined by the single limiting factor of
precipitation
the existence of different biomes in different regions is a reflection mainly of different
climate
microclimate
refers to the climate of a very specific location within a larger system
given adequate moisture, the overriding factor which determines what kind of forest is present is
temperature extremes
the environmental conditions on a rocky outcrop will be quite different than those in a sheltered gully nearby. this statement refers to
microclimates
a warm region receiving very little precipitation will have ___ vegetation
desert
the natural ecosystem of a region that has low to moderate rainfall and
a grassland
species of one continent seldom naturally “invade” an ecosystem of other continents or islands because
they cannot cross the physical barriers that separate continents or islands
study of ecology and natural ecosystems reveals to us that
we are not managing our human ecosystem in ecologically sound ways and we may be adversely affected by destruction of natural ecosystems
unlike natural ecosystems, the human ecosystem is overrunning and destroying other ecosystems.the fundamental factor behind this difference is that
natural ecosystems are held in check by limiting factors
which of the following is not a likely characteristic of an abiotic factor
population
which of the following is not organic
water
the transitional region between one ecosystem and an adjacent ecosystem
ecotone
consumers are called that because they depend on other organisms as their sole source of
nutrients
every organism has a range of tolerance for
all abiotic and biotic factors
which of the following is not a factor is determining climate in a particular geographic region
soiil
the study of natural ecosystems is important because
they provide important examples of how humans can manage areas to achieve sustainability
a grouping of plants, animals, and other organisms interacting with each other and their environment in such away as t perpetuate the groping more or less indefinitely is call a/an
ecosystem
three features that must be used to define all ecosystems are
the biotic community, abiotic factors, and energy flow
all organisms having a similar appearance that can or do mate and produce fertile offspring make up a/an
species
the transitional region between two ecosystems that contain some of the species and characteristics of the two adjacent ecosystems but also contain species unique to the transitional area is called a/an
ecotone
a group within a species consisting of individuals occupying a particular area that freely interbreed is called a/an
population
which term best describes the brushy area that separates a backyard lawn from an adjacent forest
ecotone
which term best describes all of the gray squirrels living in an isolated park within a city
population
which of the following could be studied as an ecosystem
all of the above
the daily measure of a regions temperature and precipitation is that areas
weather
what type of biome would you expect to find in a region where temperatures are moderate and where significant precipitation occurs year round
savanna
what type of biome would you expect to find in a region where temperatures are warm and precipitation is abundant year round
tropical rainforest
what type of biome would you expect to find in a region where temperatures are lwo and precipitation is low
tundra
what type of biome would you expect to find in a region where temperatures are warm and precipitation is frequent part of the year and infrequent the remainder of the year
temperate deciduous forest
which of the following is/are organic compounds
b and c
which of the following is/are inorganic compunds
a and d
all producers are
all of the above
the major categories of organisms for purposes of trophic analysis are
consumers, producers, detritus feeders, and decomposers
in sustainable ecosystems where plants are the major groups of producers, the quantity of plants far exceeds the quantity of consumers
all of the above
of the following, the most basic units of matter (all solids, liquids and gases) are
atoms
which of the following statements is false
elements are comprised of particular kinds of atoms
which of the following statements is false
all the statements are true
which of the following is not a naturally occurring element
nitrogen
which of the following are the three major gases present in the atmosphere
nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide
which of the following is not an important element in the structure of living organisms
aluminum
which statement is false regarding organic molecules
they are often complex molecules
