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Sustainable Nutrient Management > Midterm review > Flashcards

Midterm review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pH of sodic soils?

A

> 8.5

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2
Q

Why are sodic soils high pH?

A

Sodium-clay, bicarbonate, and carbonate react with water to form hydroxyls.

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3
Q

What is the ESP of saline-sodic soils?

A

> 15%

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4
Q

What is the pH of saline-sodic soils?

A

<8.5

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5
Q

What is the EC of saline-sodic soils?

A

EC>4

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6
Q

How do you manage sodic soils?

A

Gypsum, sulfur, and irrigation.

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7
Q

What is the ESP of sodic soils?

A

> 15%

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8
Q

How do you manage saline soils?

A

Gypsum and irrigation.

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9
Q

What lime particle size is best to manage the pH of a highly buffered soil for 3 to 5 years?

A

Coarse particles will release slowly, resulting in a longer term change in pH, while finer textured particles could achieve immediate pH changes.

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10
Q

What is the EC of saline soils?

A

> 4

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11
Q

What is tortuosity?

A

A parameter defining the “twistedness” of a path; relating to soil nutrient diffusion, it specifies how indirect of a path a nutrient must take to diffuse.

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12
Q

Do sandy or clayey soils have higher tortuosity?

A

Sand, due to larger particle size and less contact between water films on particles.

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13
Q

What is the fastest moving nutrient in soil?

A

Nitrate

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14
Q

Between 1:1, 2:1, and OM, which requires the most fertilization to reach a certain nutrient concentration in the soil solution?

A

OM, because of the high buffering capacity.

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15
Q

How do you manage saline-sodic soils?

A

Gypsum and irrigation.

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16
Q

What is the pH of saline soils?

A

<8.5

17
Q

What defines a saline-sodic soil?

A

EC>4
pH<8.5
ESP>15%

18
Q

How does tortuosity affect diffusion rates?

A

Increasing tortuosity slows diffusion rates.

19
Q

What is the difference between mass flow and diffusion?

A

Mass flow is driven by transpiration, diffusion by concentration gradients.

20
Q

What is the slowest moving nutrient in soil?

A

Phosphorous

21
Q

What is the EC of sodic soils?

A

<4

22
Q

What is the ESP of saline soils?

A

<15%

23
Q

(Monocots/Dicots) have higher CEC per root length.

A

Dicots

24
Q

What defines a sodic soil?

A

EC<4
pH>8.5
ESP>15%

25
Q

How does excess sodium affect pH?

A

Increases

26
Q

What defines a saline soil?

A

EC>4
pH<8.5
ESP<15%

27
Q

Liming reaction:
____+____<–>____+____+____
a)CaCO3
b)H2O
c)CO2
d)2H
e)Ca

A

a,d,e,c,b

Sustainable Nutrient Management (4 decks)

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