Midterm Review Flashcards
Terms Provided
Prince Henry
Under Prince henry the Navigator, Portugal developed and used new technology to take the lead in expansion.
Established up to date sailing school and sponsoring the earliest voyages.
Discovered most of the land along the West Coast of Africa.
Crusades
Series of military expeditions to the Middle East in the name of Christianity.
Declined the authority of the Pope.
Renaissance
Led to a more secular spirit, an interest in worldly pleasures, and a new confidence in human achievement.
Reformation
Disagreements over church authority and outrage over corrupt practices in the clergy caused the Reformation.
Divided Christianity in Western Europe between Catholicism and Protestantism.
Caravel
A light sailing ship of the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries in Europe.
Developed by the Portuguese for exploring the coast of Africa.
Sailed against the wind.
Colombus
Columbus crosses the Atlantic.
Main reason for his journey was to look for gold, and to sail across to the Pacific to find a better route to Asia.
Spent days looking for gold in the Bahamas and the Caribbean Islands.
Landed in North America, never made it to Asia.
Wanted to assert Christian dominance.
Map Components (early colonial settlements in the New World)
Spanish colonies- florida region
English Colonies- on the Atlantic coast from the Georgia area to like Maine
French Colonies- on the boarder of Canada and US
New Sweden - Jersey area
New Netherland- New York area
(Refer to History Pictures doc)
Columbian Exchange
The voyages of Columbus and others led to the introduction of new plants and animals to Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
Ships took plants and animals from the Americans back to Europe and to Africa.
They brought items from the Eastern Hemisphere to the Western Hemisphere.
It started with Columbus’ voyage and continues today.
(Refer to History Midterm Images for reference)
Treaty of Tordesillas
Created and signed due to national rivalries between Spain and Portugal.
Split the land between the two.
Vertical line that split the New and Old World.
Brazil was split in half, so it was given to Portugal.
Conquistadors-Cortes (Aztec)
Spanish claim the Aztec empire.
Cortes led an army into the American Mainland to gain new lands for Spain.
Conquered Aztec Empire.
New colony for New Spain
Capital was called Mexico City
Conquistadors-Pizarro (Inca)
In 1532, Pizarro and his small army arrived in the Inca territory, which was weakened by internal strife and the recent smallpox epidemic brought by European contact.
Pizarro took advantage of these vulnerabilities and captured the Inca ruler Atahualpa during a meeting.
Despite receiving a large ransom in gold and silver, Pizarro executed Atahualpa.
The Spanish conquistadors faced resistance from some Inca leaders, but internal conflicts among the Inca nobility and the devastating impact of European diseases contributed to the success of Pizarro’s campaign.
With the fall of Cusco in 1533, the Inca Empire effectively came under Spanish control, marking the end of a rich indigenous civilization and the beginning of Spanish dominance in the region.
European Nations (who colonized which nations?)
Spanish colonies- florida region
English Colonies- on the Atlantic coast from the Georgia area to like Maine
French Colonies- on the boarder of Canada and US
New Sweden - Jersey area
New Netherland- New York area
Portuguese- Brazil, Parts of Africa, South America
(Refer to History Pictures doc)
Spanish Armada
It was part one of a planned invasion of England by King Philip II.
Made up of roughly 150 ships and 18,000 men.
However a good portion of the Spanish Armada in 1588 was destroyed. The bad weather conditions, better employment of naval guns, and battle tactics by the English led to the Spanish defeat of the undeclared Anglo-Spanish War.
John Smith
Took charge of the Jamestown colony and persuaded the nearby Powhatan people to provide food.
Married Pocahantas.
Set on fire and left back to England.
Joint-Stock Company
English colonies were originally funded and maintained by these.
Stock companies allowed investors to pool their wealth to support a colony.
Roanoke
The Roanoke was the first English colony, however it failed and no one really knows what happened. Multiple theories are out there but no one really knows what happened.
Jamestown
Powhatan
Pocahontas
John Rolfe
Head-right System
Indentured Servant
Bacon’s Rebellion
Virginia Company
St. Augustine
Starving Time
After more settlers arrived to Jamestown, the Powhatans killed their livestock and destroyed farms which led to the “starving time” where a good portion of Jamestown’s population died.
Governor Berkely
House of Burgesses
Importance of Tobacco
Smallpox
Textbook Images???
Colombus’s influence on the “New World”
Columbian Exchange
Columbus’s effect on Native Americans
Jamestown Settlement
“Brown Gold”
Headright System? (Duplicate)
Origins of Slavery in the United States
Effect of Settlements on Native Americans
Mercantilism
Differences among New England Colonies/ Middle Colonies/ Southern Colonies
Salutary Neglect
Committees of Correspondence
Declaration of Independence (Important aspects of the Declaration)
John Locke
The French and Indian War
The Revolutionary War
Stamp Act
Tea Act
Townshend Acts
Intolerable Acts
Common Sense by Thomas Paine
Articles of Confederation (how many branches were established?)
Continental Congress (What was it? What were its weaknesses?)
Constitutional Convention (What were the conflicts at the Convention?)
Federalism
Separation of Powers/ Checks and Balances
Judicial/ Legislative/ Executive Branches
Three-Fifths Compromise
Electoral College
Federalists vs Anti-federalists (What were the basic differences?)
US Constitution (Art I/ Art II/ Art III - what were the basic components?)
Rights-under the Constitution- who has rights and who does not in 1700s and early 1800s?
Bill of Rights (First 10)
George Washington’s Farewell Speech
Hamilton vs Jefferson battles and disagreements
George Washington Important Contributions
Alexander Hamilton Important Contributions
Thomas Jefferson Important Contributions
John Adams Important Contributions
James Madison Important Contributions
John Quincy Adams Important Contributions
James Monroe Important Contributions
Andrew Jackson Important Contributions
John Marshall Important Contributions
Federalist Party vs Democratic Republican Party (Main Differences)
Contrasting views of Hamilton and Jefferson
Neutrality
Nullification
Alien and Sedition Acts
Status of Slavery in North 1700 - early 1800s
Status of Slavery in South 1700 - early 1800s
Supreme Court Cases (Important aspects and holding)
Marbury vs. Madison
McCulloch vs. Maryland
Gibbons vs. Ogden
Judicial Review
Louisiana Purchase
War of 1812 (Important Aspects)
Regional Economic/ Social/ Political differences between North /South Early 1800s
