Midterm review

Question 1

Topic: Language Acquisition and Language Learning

Answer 1

Readings:
Huebner
Birdsong
Bowden reading (IDVs)

Question 2

Topic: AGE and language learning

Answer 2

Reading:
Birdsong

Question 3

Topic: Language Attitude and Motivation

Answer 3

Reading:
Schmitt Chapter 10

Question 4

Topic: The brain language and learning

Answer 4

Reading:
Kennedy & Reese reading
Ullman reading

Question 5

Topic: History of Language Learning in the USA

Answer 5

Reading:
Stein-Smith Reading
1967 - introduction to Applied Linguistics
Huebner

Question 6

Topic: Learning Styles and Strategies

Answer 6

Reading:
Schmitt Chapter 10
Lightbown & Pieneman
Krashen
Dornyei (2006)

Question 7

Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis(CAH)

Answer 7

A linguistics theory that claims the best language teaching materials are based on a contrast of the two competing linguistic systems

Question 8

Second Language Acquisition
(2LA)

Answer 8

The process by which people learn a language other than their native language.
- L2A has mostly examined naturalistic acquisition, where learners acquire a language with little formal training or teaching.

Question 9

Individual Learner Difference(IDV)

Answer 9

Any factor that can influence how a learner learns a language, such as age, motivation, aptitude, learning style, and personality.

Question 10

Communicative Language Teaching(CLT)

Answer 10

A language teaching approach that focuses on developing learners’ ability to communicate effectively in real-world situations.

Question 11

Comprehensible Input Hypothesis
(CIH)

Answer 11

Input that is slightly beyond a learner’s current level of proficiency, but still comprehensible with the help of context or other cues.

Question 12

Stimulus Response(S-R)

Answer 12

A theory of learning that states that people learn by associating stimuli with responses.
-Emphasizes the importance of rewards or incentives to stimulate and influence what and how pupils do things, including how they learn.

Question 13

Audio Lingual Methodology(ALM)

Answer 13

Based on stimuli response the language instructor is central to learning. Emphasizes error-free production, dialogue memorization, drills, patterns, and practice.

Question 14

Critical Period Hypothesis(CPH)

Answer 14

The hypothesis is that there is a critical period for language acquisition, after which it becomes more difficult to learn a new language.

Question 15

Language Acquisition and Language Learning:

Answer 15

The study of how people learn languages, both naturally and through formal instruction.

Question 16

AGE and language learning:

Answer 16

The research on how age affects language learning suggests that children are better at learning languages than adults. However, adults can still learn languages effectively, especially if they are motivated and have access to good instruction.

Question 17

Language Attitude and Motivation:

Answer 17

Language attitude and motivation are two important factors that influence language learning. Learners with positive language attitudes and high motivation are more likely to be successful language learners.

Question 18

The brain and language learning:

Answer 18

Research on the brain and language learning has shown that the brain is highly plastic and can adapt to learning a new language at any age. However, the earlier a learner starts learning a new language, the easier it is for them to learn.

Question 19

History of Language Learning in the USA:

Answer 19

The history of language learning in the USA is long and complex. In the early days of the republic, there was a strong emphasis on learning Latin and Greek. However, as the country became more diverse, so too did the languages that were taught and learned. Today, there are a wide variety of languages taught and learned in the USA, reflecting the country’s rich diversity.

Question 20

Learning Styles and Strategies:

Answer 20

Learning styles are the ways in which individuals prefer to learn. Learning strategies are the specific things that learners do to help them learn. Both learning styles and learning strategies can influence language learning.

Question 21

Language Aptitude:

Answer 21

Language aptitude is the ability to learn languages. It is influenced by a number of factors, including cognitive abilities, motivation, and exposure to language.

Question 22

Teaching and learning grammar:

Answer 22

Grammar is the system of rules that govern how words are used in a language. Teaching and learning grammar can be challenging, but it is important for effective language learning.

Question 23

Teaching and learning to listen:

Answer 23

Listening is one of the four language skills. It is important for learners to be able to listen effectively in order to understand what others are saying. There are a number of different techniques that can be used to teach and learn listening.

Question 24

Health Literacy:

Answer 24

Health literacy is the ability to understand and use health information. It is an important skill for everyone to have, as it can help people to make informed decisions about their health.

Question 25

Forensic Linguistics:

Answer 25

Forensic linguistics is the application of linguistic knowledge and principles to legal matters. Forensic linguists can be involved in a variety of tasks, such as analyzing handwriting, identifying dialects, and authenticating documents.