Midterm review Flashcards
Topic: Language Acquisition and Language Learning
Readings:
Huebner
Birdsong
Bowden reading (IDVs)
Topic: AGE and language learning
Reading:
Birdsong
Topic: Language Attitude and Motivation
Reading:
Schmitt Chapter 10
Topic: The brain language and learning
Reading:
Kennedy & Reese reading
Ullman reading
Topic: History of Language Learning in the USA
Reading:
Stein-Smith Reading
1967 - introduction to Applied Linguistics
Huebner
Topic: Learning Styles and Strategies
Reading:
Schmitt Chapter 10
Lightbown & Pieneman
Krashen
Dornyei (2006)
Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis(CAH)
A linguistics theory that claims the best language teaching materials are based on a contrast of the two competing linguistic systems
Second Language Acquisition
(2LA)
The process by which people learn a language other than their native language.
- L2A has mostly examined naturalistic acquisition, where learners acquire a language with little formal training or teaching.
Individual Learner Difference(IDV)
Any factor that can influence how a learner learns a language, such as age, motivation, aptitude, learning style, and personality.
Communicative Language Teaching(CLT)
A language teaching approach that focuses on developing learners’ ability to communicate effectively in real-world situations.
Comprehensible Input Hypothesis
(CIH)
Input that is slightly beyond a learner’s current level of proficiency, but still comprehensible with the help of context or other cues.
Stimulus Response(S-R)
A theory of learning that states that people learn by associating stimuli with responses.
-Emphasizes the importance of rewards or incentives to stimulate and influence what and how pupils do things, including how they learn.
Audio Lingual Methodology(ALM)
Based on stimuli response the language instructor is central to learning. Emphasizes error-free production, dialogue memorization, drills, patterns, and practice.
Critical Period Hypothesis(CPH)
The hypothesis is that there is a critical period for language acquisition, after which it becomes more difficult to learn a new language.
Language Acquisition and Language Learning:
The study of how people learn languages, both naturally and through formal instruction.
AGE and language learning:
The research on how age affects language learning suggests that children are better at learning languages than adults. However, adults can still learn languages effectively, especially if they are motivated and have access to good instruction.
Language Attitude and Motivation:
Language attitude and motivation are two important factors that influence language learning. Learners with positive language attitudes and high motivation are more likely to be successful language learners.
The brain and language learning:
Research on the brain and language learning has shown that the brain is highly plastic and can adapt to learning a new language at any age. However, the earlier a learner starts learning a new language, the easier it is for them to learn.
History of Language Learning in the USA:
The history of language learning in the USA is long and complex. In the early days of the republic, there was a strong emphasis on learning Latin and Greek. However, as the country became more diverse, so too did the languages that were taught and learned. Today, there are a wide variety of languages taught and learned in the USA, reflecting the country’s rich diversity.
Learning Styles and Strategies:
Learning styles are the ways in which individuals prefer to learn. Learning strategies are the specific things that learners do to help them learn. Both learning styles and learning strategies can influence language learning.
Language Aptitude:
Language aptitude is the ability to learn languages. It is influenced by a number of factors, including cognitive abilities, motivation, and exposure to language.
Teaching and learning grammar:
Grammar is the system of rules that govern how words are used in a language. Teaching and learning grammar can be challenging, but it is important for effective language learning.
Teaching and learning to listen:
Listening is one of the four language skills. It is important for learners to be able to listen effectively in order to understand what others are saying. There are a number of different techniques that can be used to teach and learn listening.
Health Literacy:
Health literacy is the ability to understand and use health information. It is an important skill for everyone to have, as it can help people to make informed decisions about their health.
Forensic Linguistics:
Forensic linguistics is the application of linguistic knowledge and principles to legal matters. Forensic linguists can be involved in a variety of tasks, such as analyzing handwriting, identifying dialects, and authenticating documents.
