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CP 119 > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

A

Sustainability

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2
Q

Sustainability involves planning for the long-term health of the natural environment, productive working landscapes, efficient public investments, a durable built environment, economic prosperity, and opportunities and access to a quality environment for all income groups.

A

Planning

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3
Q

A document that lays out the future of a city’s development in broad terms through a series of land use maps, analyses of the built and natural environment, topics, goals, actions, and policy statements.
Land use: population density, building intensity, distribution of land uses
Circulation: major transportation improvements and utility lines
Housing: assess the need for housing for all income groups and lay out a program to meet these needs
Conservation: flood control, conservation of natural resources (agricultural land/wildlife), air and water pollution
Open-space: long-‐term preservation of open space
Noise: identify noise problems and suggest measures for abatement
Safety: identify seismic, geologic, flood and wildfire hazards, and establish policies to protect the community
Environmental Justice: identifies objectives and policies to reduce pollution exposure, improve air quality, promote public facilities, improve food access, advance access to housing, and increase physical activity in identified disadvantaged communities.

A

General Plan

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4
Q

Amendments to the general plan dealing with a smaller geographic area.

A

Neighborhood Plan

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5
Q

A form of collaborative regional planning that emerged in the 1990s in response to sprawl and lack of coordinated planning for housing, in response to sprawl and lack of coordinated planning for housing, transportation, economy, and environment, aided by federal transportation funding via MPOs.

A

Blueprint Planning

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6
Q

The process includes steps of plan development and implementation, including goal setting, data gathering and analysis, alternative scenarios, plan selection, monitoring, etc. including community engagement, and the spectrum (e.g. inform, consult, involve, collaborate, empower) and implementation (zoning, permitting, building code enforcement, ordinances, indicators, funding)

A

Substance of Planning

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7
Q

Coordinates policies and actions across multiple areas to solve larger issues like environmental sustainability.

A

Regional Planning

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8
Q

An urban planning approach to population growth that combats sprawl with increased density and compact urban form through transit-oriented or infill development, locating diverse housing and transportation options near jobs, retail, and other urban amenities.

A

Smart Growth

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9
Q

A movement united around the belief that our physical environment has a direct impact on our chances for happy, prosperous lives. Theorists believe that well-designed cities, towns, neighborhoods, and public places help create community: healthy places for people and businesses to thrive and prosper.

Principles:
Walkability
Connectivity
Mixed-Use and Diversity
Mixed Housing
Quality Architecture and Urban Design
Traditional Neighborhood Structure
Increased Density
Smart Transportation
Sustainability
Quality of Life

A

New Urbanism

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10
Q

These conflicts often arise from values and priorities in the solutions we choose, especially with sustainability planning.

A

Value Conflicts in Planning

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11
Q

Metaphor describing conflicts that arise when trying to balance multiple public priorities such as increased property tax revenues, open space preservations, and affordable housing (AKA the three Es).

A

Planner’s Triangle

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12
Q

He says, “Growth is not the same as development, and development does not necessarily require growth.”

A

Manfred Max-Neef’s New Economy

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13
Q

The economy should serve the people, not the other way around, and development is centered on people, not objects.

A

Barefoot Economics

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14
Q

System of segregation in residential areas based on race.

A

Residential Apartheid

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15
Q

Bank practice (now illegal) where areas identified by the racial/ethnic composition of a neighborhood or zip code were not issued in mortgages, resulting in local disinvestment as well as financial and social exclusion.

A

Redlining

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16
Q

Characterized by the existence of systematic policies or laws and practices that provide differential access to goods, services, and opportunities of society by race.

A

Institutional Racism

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17
Q

Local regulations that divide a city, town, or borough into geographic areas reserved for different land uses (such as residential, industrial, agricultural, or commercial).

A

Zoning

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18
Q

Local zoning ordinances that, whether intentional or not, exclude certain groups of people, typically people of color, marginalized and/or low-income people.

Characteristics:
Local Large-lots
Low density
Growth control
Development fees
Lack of multifamily zoning
Regional fragmentation (separately incorporated suburbs with independent land use, tax and fiscal powers)
LULUs (disamenities)
Amenities (green space, recreation, lights, transit etc.)

A

Exclusionary Zoning

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19
Q

Rezoning neighborhoods where mostly low-income and/or people of color live for incompatible land uses (industry, nuisance, intensive) through new zoning classifications, overlays, districts, and variances.

A

Expulsive Zoning

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20
Q

Contractual agreements that prohibit the purchase, lease, or occupation of a piece of property by a particular group of people, usually African Americans.

A

Racially-Restricted Covenants

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21
Q

Disproportionate impact of environmental hazards and pollution on communities of color.

A

Environmental Racism

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22
Q

Pre-existing conditions that cause some people, buildings, organizations, areas, and communities to be less able to withstand or recover from adverse impacts of hazards (also disparities in hazard exposure).

Varies significantly within a community over time.

A

Vulnerability

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23
Q

An inclusive and accessible city is a place where everyone, regardless of their economic means, gender, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual identity, occupation, and location.

A

Cities for All

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24
Q

The responsibility to conserve natural resources and protect global ecosystems in order to support health and wellbeing.

A

Environmental Sustainability

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25
Q

The process of enlarging people’s freedoms and opportunities and improving their well-being.

A

Human Development

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26
Q

A specific, quantifiable measure of progress toward a goal or objective

A

Indicators in the Planning Process

27
Q

Coping capacity of people, organization, systems, and society using skills and resources to manage adverse conditions

A

Resilience

28
Q

Livability in the planner’s triangle gentrification, green cities, and growth management.

A

Livability Prism

29
Q

Plans that protect economically valuable areas over low-income or minority neighborhoods, frame adaptation as a private responsibility rather than a public one.

A

Acts of Omission

30
Q

A term by Anguelovski et al, based on global case studies showing how city planning decisions are made with intent.

A

Acts of Commission

31
Q

The idea of fairness in the processes that resolve disputes and allocate resources. One aspect of this is related to discussions of the administration of justice and legal proceedings.

A

Procedural Justice/Distributive Justice

32
Q

These are characterized by having no stopping rule or definitive formulation, and are coplex in nature. They have a definitive solution.

IBIS – Issue Based Identification Strategy
LUCIS - Land Use Conflict Identification Strategy (participatory suitability analysis)
PGIS – Participatory GIS
Landscape Literacy (Participatory research on social and environmental history)
CBPR/PAR – Community-Based Participatory Research/Participatory Action Research

Collaborative Planning Models:
U.S. Fire Learning Network (FLN), a collaborative initiative to restore ecosystems that depend on fire.
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)

Factors to consider:
Outreach
Inclusion of all stakeholders
Power dynamics
Meaningful participation
Accessibility
Decision-making process

A

Wicked Problems (and how to resolve them)

33
Q

The epoch of significant direct and indirect human impacts on the Earth’s geology and ecosystems since the Industrial Revolution, including, but not limited to, human-induced climate change.

A

Anthropocene

34
Q

Unless there are immediate, rapid, and large-scale reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, limiting warming to 1.5 degrees C will be beyond reach.

A

Climate Change

35
Q

This measures the amount of land or natural resources we consume and waste relative to nature’s capacity to absorb and regenerate.

A

Ecological Footprint

36
Q

The amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted due to the consumption of fossil fuels by a population or an individual.

A

Carbon Footprint

37
Q

CO2, water vapor, methane, nitrous, oxide, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons, and fluorinated gasses.

A

Greenhouse Gasses

38
Q

Transportation, building, electricity, and heat are the biggest indicators.

A

Sources of GHG Emissions

39
Q

A detailed and strategic framework for measuring, planning, and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and related climatic impacts.

A

Climate Action Plan

40
Q

Refers to action or strategies taken to reduce or prevent the serverity, impact, or negative consequences of a problem, risk or threats such as disaster management, environmental conservation, and climate change. Minimizing harm or addressing challenges before they escalate.

A

Mitigation

41
Q

Strategic planning and preparedness to increase resilience to environmental issues/hazards that have already occurred or are expected to occur.

A

Adaptation

42
Q

The long-range Regional Transportation Plan and Sustainable Communities Strategy for the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area.

A

Plan Bay ARea

43
Q

Environmental phenomenons that can cause serious impacts on human and societies, such as wildfire, flooding, flooding, drought, earthquake, cyclone.

A

Natural Hazard

44
Q

Refers to fair distributions of benefits when addressing climate change and includes the efforts by communities.

A

Climate Justice

45
Q

Hazard(H) x Exposure(E) x Vulnerability(V) Disaster Risk(R) = H

A

Disaster Risk Formula

46
Q

Dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity, condition that may cause losses E: People, property, systems, or other elements present in hazard zones that are subject to potential losses V: characteristics and circumstances of a household, community, system or asset that make it more susceptible to hazard.

A

Disaster Risk Reduction

47
Q

The intentional design of buildings, landscapes, communities, and regions in response to vulnerabilities.

A

Resilient Design

48
Q

A form of governance that does not distinguish between human culture and nature or animals; when all of nature is endowed with rights.

A

Natural Democracy

49
Q

Cover a wide range of approaches, spanning academic fields from biology to anthropology to the humanities, and discussing a myriad of issues from the nature of knowledge to how to conduct collaborative research with indigenous peoples.

A

Indigenous Ecologies

50
Q

It can be defined many ways but the EPA defines it as the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.

A

Environmental Justice

51
Q

Not In My BackYard: Term coined in the 1980s referring to citizens that oppose proposed real estate developments in their neighborhood or town.

A

NIMBYism

52
Q

Locally Unwanted Land Use- landfills, inceinerators, power plants, manufacturing plants, chemical companies, sewage treatment, highways, warehouses.

A

LULUs

53
Q

Voluntary association of local governing bodies that coordinate planning, housing, services, and emergency preparedness across a region.

A

Council of Governments

54
Q

Inform, Consult, Involve, Collaborate, Empower

A

Public Engagement

55
Q

The widely cited document that defines sustainable development as meeting “the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs . . . “

A

Brundtland Report

56
Q

What revolution led to a dramatic rise of atmospheric CO2?

A

Industrial Revolution

57
Q

Label used to identify low-income and/or people of color living in an area with cumulative environmental hazards and high exposure to climate impacts.

A

Frontline Communities

58
Q

Land redevelopment in blighted urban areas, often went hand in hand with redlining Exclusion from participation in land use planning and regulatory processes (planning and zoning commissions, city councils, boards, public forums).

A

Urban Renewal

59
Q

When green development, sustainability initiatives are used to drive up property values and displace low-income residents and communities of color.

A

Environmental Gentrification

60
Q

“The disproportionate exposure of people of color and low-income groups to pollution, but also includes biases in natural resource policy, the uneven enforcement of environmental regulations, and the exclusionary nature of mainstream environmentalism” (Pulido 1996).

A

Environmental Discrimination

61
Q

What are some of the top characteristics of wicked problems?

A

Solutions are not right/wrong, but better/worse
Every problem can be considered a symptom of another problem
No clear definition
Unique

62
Q

When describing natural democracies in Indigenous culture, Eric Cheyfitz states that it becomes abnormal to view the world as:

A

Dead Matter
Private Property
Commodities
Commercial Resources

63
Q

When speaking about the invisible victims of disaster, how does Mendez believe we can better prepare for disaster risk via mitigation and resilience?

A

Minimize exposure to vulnerable people
Minimize exposure to vulnerable physical locations
Have the ability to cope
Have the ability to respond
Have the ability to recover

CP 119 (2 decks)

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