Midterm Review Flashcards
Isolationism
A policy of remaining apart from the affairs/interests of other countries. This best describes U.S foreign policy approach during WWI.
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
Under Hoover. Raised US import tariffs with the goal of protecting US farmers from foreign competition. Raised tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods. Tied into isolationism.
Monroe Doctrine
Written in President James Monroes 7th annual message to congress. Warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the western hemisphere.
Balance of power
A core principle of international relations. All states are equal so one doesn’t outweigh the others. Cold war is an example.
Lend-lease
Passed in 1941 under FDR. Set up a system that would allow the US to lend or lease war supplies to any nation deemed “vital to defense of the US”. Contributed to the war effort while maintaining neutrality
Dean G Acheson
Trumans Sec of State. Helped to shape US foreign policy during the cold war. Was a realist, supported NATO and containment of communism
Marshall Plan
American initiative enacted in 1948 under Truman and named after Sec of State, George marshall. Provided foreign aid to Western Europe. Aimed to restore economic infrastructure of postwar europe.
NATO
North atlantic treaty organization. Est during Cold war to combat soviet aggression. Transatlantic security alliance.
Truman Doctrine
American foreign policy under Truman that provided “support for democracies against authoritarian threats”. Purpose was to limit Soviet geopolitical expansion during the Cold War.
NSC-68
US objectives and programs for national security. 66-page top secret NSC drafted by dept of state and defense presented to truman in 1950. Most important American policy statement in cold war. Suggested an expanded military budget as well as the hydrogen bomb.
Hegemony
The ability of one nation to shape the international system. Ex: USSR military during Cold War
Cold-War Consensus
Brinksmanship
The practice of pursuing a dangerous policy to the limits of safety to force an outcome. EX: cold war and possible mass destruction
John Foster Dulles
Eisenhowers sec of state. used NATO, SEATO, and Eisenhower doctrine to keep USSR in check
Sputnik
First artificial earth satellite launch by the soviets. Started the space age and led to the creation of NASA.
New Look
Eisenhowers national security policy. Emphasized reliance on nuclear weapons and reorganization of conventional forces to deter potential threats. Used CIA to carry out secret actions against said threats.
Flexible response
JFK defense strategy, wanted to stray from new look so he said a wide range of diplomatic, economic, and military options would be used to deter an attack
Robert S. McNamara
Kennedy and Johnsons Sec of defense. He is known for his Vietnam war strategy. He supported the war and it’s escalation. Also introduced flexible response.
Bay of Pigs
US failed military landing at the Bay of Pigs. Anti castro cubans landed on the coast with the goal to overthrow castro. Was a CIA initivate under Kennedy. height of the cold war.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Johnsons response to north vietnamese forces firing on US stationed at gulf of tonkin. Congress passed this resolution allowing Johnson to take whatever measures necessary to retaliate and maintain peace i southeast Asia.
Henry Kissinger
Nixons national security advisor and secretary of state. As well as fords sec of state. He extended the policy of dentente. He played a dominant role in US foreign policy from 1969-1977.
SALT I
Strategic arms limitation talks, 1st round of discussion between US and USSR. Led to ABM treaty.
Helsinki Accords
An agreement signed by 35 nations (under Ford) that concluded the conference on security and cooperation in europe. The act addressed a range of global issues and had a far reaching effect on the cold war and US- soviet relations,
Shanghai Communique
Diplomatic document issued by US and peoples republic of China. Ended the prolonged estrangement between the 2 countries. Under Nixon.
