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Bio Lab > Midterm review > Flashcards

Midterm review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe the parts and functions of the dissecting microscope. Describe the research
applications that require using the dissecting microscope.

A

Low magnification, used for 3d objects and large specimens
https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?&q=parts+and+functions+of+dissecting+microscope&&mid=FC4286E6A6BDCDBAB86EFC4286E6A6BDCDBAB86E&&FORM=VRDGAR

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1
Q
  • Describe the parts and functions of the compound microscope. Describe the research
    applications that require using this microscope.
A

High magnification, can view microscopic structures like cells https://rsscience.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/compound-microscope-parts-1.jpg

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2
Q
  • Explain the value of knowing the field of view for each objective. Calculate the FOV of a
    high-power objective using the measurements taken under low power. Calculate
    estimated cell size using a FOV measurement.
A

Knowing field of view helps you estimate size of specimens.
FOVlow x Maglow = FOVmed/high X Magmed/high

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3
Q
  • Calculate the diameter at breast height using the circumference of a tree.
  • RULES?
A

Measure diameter of tree at 4.5 feet above ground level. Know C= piD
If split but one tree, measure at narrowest point between the split and the ground. If multiple trees pressed together, measure the largest rrunk

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4
Q

Describe how to use ImageJ to measure leaf surface area, stomatal size, and stomatal
density. Include the process of calibration.

A

2

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5
Q

Calculate the canopy area of a tree in the field and (ADD) describe its importance to our
research.

A

Measure 1 edge of canopy to other in at least 3 directions, find avg, use A=pi r^2

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6
Q

Describe the application and value of using GIS for scientific research.

A

Useful for visual representation of data on a map, EG health related data

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7
Q
  • Demonstrate how to find and map a campus tree using Google Earth Pro.
A

3Add placemark, move to location, type name in name field, type description, add placemark dialog, choose icon.

Click “Add polygon” at top left, click or click and drag to draw borders. Type in name, description, adjust style, and altitude

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8
Q
  • How do you measure canopy area using the polygon tool on Google Earth?
A
  1. Make sure primary database under Layers navigation tab is unclicked.
  2. Click on “Draw Polygon” tool, name the thing you’re drawing, pick line and fill color, outline tree. Click on measurements tab to see results. Click OK once you’re done
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9
Q
  • What are the advantages and disadvantages of using digitized measurement tools?
A

Digitized measurements are less accurate, but __________________________ they’re more convenient to use

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10
Q

Describe the parts of a scientific paper.

A

Background-
Purpose or Principle Objective-
Methods-
Results-
Discussion- Where Author talks about findings

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11
Q
  • Recognize the difference between a primary research article and a review article.
A

Primary: New research/data
Review article: Compilation of info from primary sources

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12
Q

Explain the main entries that should be recorded for a scientific notebook *

A

Protocol, data, calculations

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13
Q

What is metacognition?

A

Being aware of and able to understand your own thought processes

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14
Q

Describe the difference between a growth and fixed mindset. *

A

Viewing failure as an opportunity to grow or as the limit of your abilities

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15
Q

What does Monitoring, Planning, and Evaluating have to do with learning and
metacognition? *

A

Planning how you’re goinng to learn, keeping track of your progress, and evaluating how successful your plan is is crucial to learning and understanding how you learn.

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16
Q

What is the difference between accuracy and precision? *

A

Accuracy is close to being to the correct value, precision is when the values are close toghether

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17
Q

Describe the metric units used for measuring length, area, and volume. Convert from one
unit to another. *

A

l- Meter
area- square meter
v- Liter

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18
Q

Define and calculate the mean and the standard deviation of a set of values.

A

Standard deviation: Measures amount of variation in data
Calculating standard deviation:
Square root of all the following: (Sum of all data points minus average)^2/n-1

19
Q

What is the difference between the formulas for percent error and percent difference?

A

Difference: You divide by sum of both measurements/2 instead of the actual value

20
Q

Which formula would you use for comparing the field canopy area and the digital canopy
area? *

A

Percent error

21
Q

Describe the global challenge of food insecurity and the role of science in addressing the
challenge. *

A

We’re going to need to produce a lot more food to accomodate the population, and scientists are looking into new sources of food from plants

22
Q

Describe the global challenge of CO2 levels in the atmosphere and the role of science in
addressing the challenge. *

A

There have been exponential rises in CO2 levels and scientists are trying to figure out the most effective ways of getting rid of it, whether that’s by planting trees,

23
Q

Living systems have multiple mechanisms to store, retrieve, and transmit _________________

A

information.

24
Q
  • The diversity and unity of life can be explained by the process of ______________
A

evolution.

25
Q
  • Cells are a fundamental structural and functional _____________
A

unit of life

26
Q
  • Interdependent relationships characterize biological systems, and these interactions give rise to__________________
A

Emergent properties

27
Q

How do we define a tree?

A

Woody plant with single stem (trunk) with smaller branches that carry foliage and roots that flair down and out

28
Q
  • Biological systems maintain
A

homeostasis

29
Q
  • Explain how the structure of leaves can be used to classify plants. Give examples of the
    variations that are found in leaf shape and arrangement.
A

4

30
Q
  • Describe the structures and functions of leaves using the correct terminology: blade, vein,
    petiole, cuticle, etc.
A

Blade- Thin flat part of a leaf that is responsible for carrying out photosynthesis
Vein- Transporting molecules (structure?)
Petiole- Stalk that attaches leaf to branch, support and transport
Cuticle- Waxy layer on leaf that prevents water loss, regulates gas exchange, and protects against UC damage

31
Q
  • What is transpiration? Describe the role of the stomata and vascular tissue in this process.
A

Water being released as vapor from plants through stomata after being transported through vascular tissue

32
Q
  • What other functions are attributed to the guard cells and stomata?
A

Gas exchange, transpiration,
Guard cells-
Stomata-

33
Q
  • What are transcription factors, including homeobox genes?
A

Proteins that regulate how much genes are translated, and homeobox genes regulate development in plants and animals

34
Q
  • Summarize the genetic mechanism of development underlying the structure and function of
    leaf cells, especially guard cells.
A

Homeobox transcription- Genes switch on and off in one cell, which spreads to another, which leads to a cell dividing into a line of guard cells and a stem cell

35
Q
  • Describe the model organism, Arabidopsis thaliana. What makes this plant a good model
    organism?
A

Small plant, grows quickly

36
Q

Using the theory of evolution, explain the genetic and environmental mechanisms that have
allowed for the diversity of trees.

A

Environmental pressures have encouraged some species of trees to survive over others 2

37
Q

Focus on the structure and their functions: vascular,

A

Carries substances throughout plant

38
Q

Focus on the structure and their functions: ground,

A

Any cells that aren’t vascular or dermal, can store starch do photosynthesis, support plant, found in middle of plant sometimes

39
Q

Structure and function of dermal,

A

Protective coating on outside of plant

40
Q

Structure and function of xylem,*

A

Vascular tissue- tubes that transports water and minerals from roots to parts of the plants

41
Q

Structure and function of phloem,**

A

Vascular tissue-tubes that Brings sugars produced by photosynthesis to other parts of the tree

42
Q

Structure and function of mesophyll,**

A

Ground tissue- Hold chloroplasts, do photosynthesis

43
Q

Structure and function of stomata,

A

Openings on surface of leaves created by guard cells that allow CO2 to go into the leaf and water to be released

44
Q

Structure and function of guard cells, etc.

A

Cells that can swell to create an opening (stoma) to allow for water and gas exchange

45
Q

Describe three types of meristematic plant tissues and the cells of the vascular tissue and the
leaf.

A

Protoderm- Matures into epidermis and leaf
Vascular- Differentiates into xylem and Phloem
Ground tissue- Matures into mesophyll
Vascular tissue- xylem and phloem
Leaf-

46
Q

Pavement cells-

A

Act as a barrier, can also have trichomes or secretory glands

Bio Lab (1 decks)

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