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Psych 260 > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Biological Psychology

A

the application of the principles of biology to the study of mental processes and behavior

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2
Q

Biological Psychology assumes:

A

monism

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3
Q

Science is a:

A

continuous process

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4
Q

Perception occurs in:

A

your brain

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5
Q

Cognition is:

A

mental process of acquiring knowledge/understanding through different stimuli (thinking)

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6
Q

Monism is:

A

the mind and body being the same

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7
Q

Dualism is:

A

the mind and body are separate

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8
Q

Mind-body problem is:

A

not knowing how the conscious mind relates to the activity of the brain and body

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9
Q

Homologous brain structures are:

A

similar brain structures in animals as they are in humans

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10
Q

Graded Correctness is:

A

learning more as we build off previous knowledge

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11
Q

Hypothesis is:

A

an idea willing to be tested or proven

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12
Q

Parsimony is:

A

always choosing the simpler explanation when two equally good explanations are present

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13
Q

Nature is:

A

our genetics

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14
Q

Nurture is:

A

our experience

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15
Q

Mendelian genetics are:

A

genes that maintain their structural identity when passed from parent to offspring

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16
Q

Genotype is:

A

the complete set of an organism’s genetic material (inside)

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17
Q

Phenotype is:

A

a set of observable characteristics (outside)

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18
Q

Chromosomes are:

A

located inside the nucleus of most cells, carries genetic info

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19
Q

DNA is:

A

material that makes up chromosomes, instruction manual

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20
Q

RNA is:

A

copy of a single strand of DNA

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21
Q

Proteins are:

A

large complex molecules important for life

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22
Q

Alleles are:

A

one form a gene can take

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23
Q

Homozygous pairs of alleles are:

A

when both sets of genes match

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24
Q

Heterozygous pairs of alleles are:

A

when both sets of genes mismatch

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25
Q

Dominant Alleles:

A

have a strong influence regardless of whether they match or not (heterozygous or homozygous)

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26
Q

Recessive Alleles:

A

only have influence if they match (homozygous)

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27
Q

Autosomes are:

A

non-sex chromosomes

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28
Q

Sex chromosomes are:

A

gene involved in determining sex

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29
Q

Sex-linked genes are:

A

linked to the X sex chromosome (affects both sexes)

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30
Q

Sex-limited genes are:

A

genes activated by sex chromosomes (affects one sex)

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31
Q

Mutations are:

A

a genetic change to the DNA that can be inherited by the offspring

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32
Q

FOXP2 gene is:

A

condition that affects speech and language starting in early childhood

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33
Q

Developmental Verbal Apraxia is:

A

difficulty coordinating the movements required to produce speech

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34
Q

Duplications are:

A

when part of the genetic code doubles

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35
Q

Deletions are:

A

when part of the genetic code is erased

36
Q

Williams Syndrome is:

A

a condition that deletes multiple genes on chromosome 7

37
Q

Epigenetics change is:

A

the study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work

38
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS) is:

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

39
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) are:

A

Nerves outside of brain and spinal cord

40
Q

Somatic Nervous System are:

A

nerves that have conscious command

41
Q

Autonomic Nervous System are:

A

automatic bodily functions

42
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System is:

A

“fight or flight”

43
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System is:

A

“Rest and digest”

44
Q

Glial Cells (Glia) are:

A

cells of the nervous system that are not neurons

45
Q

Neurons are:

A

cells in the nervous
system that send and receive information

46
Q

Action potential are:

A

electrical signals within
the neuron

47
Q

Synapse (synaptic gap) is:

A

a small gap at the end of a neuron that allows a signal to pass from one neuron to the next

48
Q

Neurotransmitters are:

A

chemical signals between neurons

49
Q

Dendrites are:

A

the receiving or input portions of a neuron

50
Q

Receptors are:

A

proteins embedded in a postsynaptic
membrane

51
Q

Cell body (soma):

A

contains the nucleus and does most of the metabolic processes

52
Q

Nucleus is:

A

the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes

53
Q

Cell membranes are:

A

a flexible wall around the neuron

54
Q

Axon hillocks are:

A

where competitions occur

55
Q

Axons are:

A

action potentials that travel down the axon to communicate

56
Q

Myelin sheath is:

A

the insulation on the axon

57
Q

Node of Ranvier allows:

A

diffusion of ions

58
Q

Axon/Presynaptic terminals:

A

release neurotransmitters across the synaptic gap between neurons

59
Q

Presynaptic Neurons:

A

sends signals across the synaptic gap

60
Q

Post-synaptic neurons:

A

receives signals

61
Q

Membrane Potential:

A

difference in the electric charge inside and outside a neuron

62
Q

Resting membrane potential:

A

when neuron is at rest (-70mv)

63
Q

Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potential (EPSP):

A

more likely to fire an action potential

64
Q

Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potential (IPSP):

A

less likely to fire an action potential

65
Q

Depolarization is:

A

bringing the action potential closer to zero

66
Q

Hyperpolarization is:

A

making action potential more negative (less than threshold)

67
Q

Action Potential is:

A

all or nothing signals in cells

68
Q

Ions are:

A

charged atoms or molecules

69
Q

Diffusion is:

A

the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

70
Q

Concentration Gradient is:

A

the measurement of how the concentration of something changes from one place to another

71
Q

Electrostatic pressure is:

A

particles with the same charge repel each other

72
Q

Electrical Gradient:

A

occurs when one side of the membrane is more positive or negative than the other

73
Q

Voltage Gated Ion Channels are:

A

a type of membrane channel that lets ions passively flow in or out when opened

74
Q

Multiple Sclerosis is:

A

myelin sheath is weakened, saltatory conduction is impaired, charge can weaken

75
Q

Saltatory Conduction is:

A

sodium flowing through the axon

76
Q

Synaptic Transmission is:

A

when an action potential reaches the terminal buttons at the end of the axon, neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic gap

77
Q

Receptors are:

A

a cell or organ able to respond to stimuli

78
Q

Ligand is:

A

a chemical that attaches to a receptor (drugs, poison, venom..)

79
Q

Neural Convergence is:

A

when multiple presynaptic neurons send signals to the same post synaptic neuron

80
Q

Reuptake is:

A

when Terminal button reabsorbs neurotransmitters

81
Q

Terminal Button is:

A

responsible for sending the signal on to other neurons

82
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are:

A

used to treat depression

83
Q

Enzymatic Deactivation is:

A

when enzyme destroys molecules of neurotransmitter

84
Q

Autoreceptors:

A

stops the release, which allows existing neurotransmitters to either bind/be cleared

85
Q
A

Psych 260 (1 decks)

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