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Psych 260 > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

Biological Psychology

A

the application of the principles of biology to the study of mental processes and behavior

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2
Q

Biological Psychology assumes:

A

monism

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3
Q

Science is a:

A

continuous process

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4
Q

Perception occurs in:

A

your brain

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5
Q

Cognition is:

A

mental process of acquiring knowledge/understanding through different stimuli (thinking)

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6
Q

Monism is:

A

the mind and body being the same

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7
Q

Dualism is:

A

the mind and body are separate

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8
Q

Mind-body problem is:

A

not knowing how the conscious mind relates to the activity of the brain and body

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9
Q

Homologous brain structures are:

A

similar brain structures in animals as they are in humans

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10
Q

Graded Correctness is:

A

learning more as we build off previous knowledge

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11
Q

Hypothesis is:

A

an idea willing to be tested or proven

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12
Q

Parsimony is:

A

always choosing the simpler explanation when two equally good explanations are present

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13
Q

Nature is:

A

our genetics

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14
Q

Nurture is:

A

our experience

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15
Q

Mendelian genetics are:

A

genes that maintain their structural identity when passed from parent to offspring

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16
Q

Genotype is:

A

the complete set of an organism’s genetic material (inside)

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17
Q

Phenotype is:

A

a set of observable characteristics (outside)

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18
Q

Chromosomes are:

A

located inside the nucleus of most cells, carries genetic info

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19
Q

DNA is:

A

material that makes up chromosomes, instruction manual

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20
Q

RNA is:

A

copy of a single strand of DNA

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21
Q

Proteins are:

A

large complex molecules important for life

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22
Q

Alleles are:

A

one form a gene can take

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23
Q

Homozygous pairs of alleles are:

A

when both sets of genes match

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24
Q

Heterozygous pairs of alleles are:

A

when both sets of genes mismatch

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25
Dominant Alleles:
have a strong influence regardless of whether they match or not (heterozygous or homozygous)
26
Recessive Alleles:
only have influence if they match (homozygous)
27
Autosomes are:
non-sex chromosomes
28
Sex chromosomes are:
gene involved in determining sex
29
Sex-linked genes are:
linked to the X sex chromosome (affects both sexes)
30
Sex-limited genes are:
genes activated by sex chromosomes (affects one sex)
31
Mutations are:
a genetic change to the DNA that can be inherited by the offspring
32
FOXP2 gene is:
condition that affects speech and language starting in early childhood
33
Developmental Verbal Apraxia is:
difficulty coordinating the movements required to produce speech
34
Duplications are:
when part of the genetic code doubles
35
Deletions are:
when part of the genetic code is erased
36
Williams Syndrome is:
a condition that deletes multiple genes on chromosome 7
37
Epigenetics change is:
the study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work
38
Central Nervous System (CNS) is:
Brain and Spinal Cord
39
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) are:
Nerves outside of brain and spinal cord
40
Somatic Nervous System are:
nerves that have conscious command
41
Autonomic Nervous System are:
automatic bodily functions
42
Sympathetic Nervous System is:
"fight or flight"
43
Parasympathetic Nervous System is:
"Rest and digest"
44
Glial Cells (Glia) are:
cells of the nervous system that are not neurons
45
Neurons are:
cells in the nervous system that send and receive information
46
Action potential are:
electrical signals within the neuron
47
Synapse (synaptic gap) is:
a small gap at the end of a neuron that allows a signal to pass from one neuron to the next
48
Neurotransmitters are:
chemical signals between neurons
49
Dendrites are:
the receiving or input portions of a neuron
50
Receptors are:
proteins embedded in a postsynaptic membrane
51
Cell body (soma):
contains the nucleus and does most of the metabolic processes
52
Nucleus is:
the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes
53
Cell membranes are:
a flexible wall around the neuron
54
Axon hillocks are:
where competitions occur
55
Axons are:
action potentials that travel down the axon to communicate
56
Myelin sheath is:
the insulation on the axon
57
Node of Ranvier allows:
diffusion of ions
58
Axon/Presynaptic terminals:
release neurotransmitters across the synaptic gap between neurons
59
Presynaptic Neurons:
sends signals across the synaptic gap
60
Post-synaptic neurons:
receives signals
61
Membrane Potential:
difference in the electric charge inside and outside a neuron
62
Resting membrane potential:
when neuron is at rest (-70mv)
63
Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potential (EPSP):
more likely to fire an action potential
64
Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potential (IPSP):
less likely to fire an action potential
65
Depolarization is:
bringing the action potential closer to zero
66
Hyperpolarization is:
making action potential more negative (less than threshold)
67
Action Potential is:
all or nothing signals in cells
68
Ions are:
charged atoms or molecules
69
Diffusion is:
the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
70
Concentration Gradient is:
the measurement of how the concentration of something changes from one place to another
71
Electrostatic pressure is:
particles with the same charge repel each other
72
Electrical Gradient:
occurs when one side of the membrane is more positive or negative than the other
73
Voltage Gated Ion Channels are:
a type of membrane channel that lets ions passively flow in or out when opened
74
Multiple Sclerosis is:
myelin sheath is weakened, saltatory conduction is impaired, charge can weaken
75
Saltatory Conduction is:
sodium flowing through the axon
76
Synaptic Transmission is:
when an action potential reaches the terminal buttons at the end of the axon, neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic gap
77
Receptors are:
a cell or organ able to respond to stimuli
78
Ligand is:
a chemical that attaches to a receptor (drugs, poison, venom..)
79
Neural Convergence is:
when multiple presynaptic neurons send signals to the same post synaptic neuron
80
Reuptake is:
when Terminal button reabsorbs neurotransmitters
81
Terminal Button is:
responsible for sending the signal on to other neurons
82
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are:
used to treat depression
83
Enzymatic Deactivation is:
when enzyme destroys molecules of neurotransmitter
84
Autoreceptors:
stops the release, which allows existing neurotransmitters to either bind/be cleared
85

Psych 260 (1 decks)

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