Midterm Review Flashcards
What is the Secwepemec Territory?
-17 communities
-Extends from the Rockies to the western side of the Fraser.
-Headwaters: Fraser, Thompson & Columbia rivers
What is Colonization/Colonialism?
Colonization: is theactionor process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area.
Colonialism: is the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.”
What are the Phases of Colonization?
“4 phases of colonialism:
1) Forced entry into territory to exploit natural resources and inhabitants
2) Imposes its culture, disintegrates the Indigenous culture
3) Colonizer is portrayed as more civilized
4) Establishment of a society designed to benefit and maintain the superiority of the colonizer”
First Nation
A term that came into common usage in the 1970s to replace the term “Indian band,” which many people found offensive.
The term “First Nation” has been adopted to replace the word “band” in the names of many communities, and can refer to a single band, many bands, an Indigenous governing body organized and established by an Indigenous community, or an Indigenous community as a whole.
First Nation is not applied to Inuit or Métis, who are distinct and separate.
Indian
The legal identity of an Indigenous person who is registered under the Indian Act.
Indigenous Peoples
There is no generally accepted definition of Indigenous Peoples in a global context.
Some countries refer to Indigenous Peoples as the people who were there first at contact.
Others refer to Indigenous Peoples as the nomadic peoples within their borders.
In Canada and in this book, we use a definition of Indigenous Peoples as Indian, Inuit, and Métis Peoples.
Inuit
Indigenous people in northern Canada, living mainly in Nunavut, Northwest Territories, northern Quebec, and Labrador.
Métis
People of mixed Aboriginal and European ancestry.
Native
An outdated collective term referring to Indians (status and non-status), Métis, and Inuit.
It has largely been replaced by “Aboriginal” or “Indigenous.”
First Nation
First Nation: erm that came into common usage in the 1970s to replace the term “Indian band,” which many people found offensive
What is the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
King George iii- Nation-to-nation agreement
First Acknowledgement of Aboriginal rights. (21things)
There are disagreements to whether of not this was a good or bad thing.
The boundary was temporary and changed in part through treaty negotiations.
1) Forced entry into territory to exploit natural resources and inhabitants
History of the Indian Act?
Bagot Report- 1844
-Basis
British North American Act (Constitution Act)- 1876
-Federal assignment
Indian Act- 1876
-Compilation of Federal law
What is the impact of Colonialism?
Colonialism has occurred across the globe and across time.
Colonization and colonialism are still occurring.
The Indian act is a form of Colonialism that has immensely impacted Indigenous Peoples holistic health.
Being aware is a first step to combating the effects of colonialism.
What is the T’exelc- William Lake First Nations Territory?
A Secwepemc Nation
-Over 800 members
-Territory: North to Quesnel Lake and West to Alexis Creek
(WLFN, 2023)
What is Racism?
avoidable and unfair actions that further disadvantage the disadvantaged or further advantage the advantaged
What is Individual/ Interpersonal racism?
Conscious or unconscious personal beliefs, assumptions, and racist actions
What is Internalized Racism?
The acceptance and internalization of negative, stereotypical beliefs, attitudes or ideologies about the inferiority of one’s racial group
What is Systemic Racism?
Entrenched policies and practice that result in hierarchy of groups. No individual intent of racism.
What is Institutional Racism?
Individuals following polices/procedures that are prejudice.
What is Structural Racism?
System-wide operations exclude certain groups in the development of the processes/ structure itself.
What is Aversive Racism?
Underlying thoughts, assumptions, ideas (Subconscious) are racist, but social actions and interactions are portrayed as non-racist (from the video above).
What factors play into Racism and health Inequities?
Individual/Interpersonal Racism
Physical Health:
-Physical Violence
-Stress
-Cardiovascular
Mental & Emotional
health:
-Depression
-Anxiety
-Self-esteem
- Self-identity
Structural Racism
Deprived of
socioeconomical
factors:
-Housing, water, jobs…
Exposure to risk factors
- living conditions
-smoking, alcohol,
Access to Health Care:
-Poor Quality of care
Whats is the relationship between Colonization, Racism, & Health?
The relationship between racism and colonization are inextricably intertwined.
Racism tends to precede ill-health for both mental ill-health and physical
What is Cultural Safety?
an outcome based on respectful engagement that recognizes and strives to address power imbalances inherent in the health care system. It results in an environment free of racism and discrimination, where people feel safe when receiving health care.
What is Cultural Humility?
process of self-reflection to understand personal and systemic biases and to develop and maintain respectful processes and relationships based on mutual trust. Cultural humility involves humbly acknowledging oneself as a learner when it comes to understanding another’s experience.
