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soc 101 > midterm review > Flashcards

midterm review Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the sociological imagination?

A

an ability to connect personal challenges to larger social issues

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2
Q

what is the sociological imaginations task and promise?

A

it enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society

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3
Q

what is transvaluation?

A

to re-estimate the value of something

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4
Q

what is sociology?

A

systematic study of human groups and their interactions

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5
Q

what is an informed opinion?

A

the evidence of what you read, not just what you believe

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6
Q

what three revolutions lead to the rise of sociology?

A
  1. scientific revolution
  2. political revolution
  3. industrial revolution
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7
Q

who is Auguste Compte?

A
  • the founder of sociology and positivism (scientific method)
  • he believed society could be studied the same way we study science
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8
Q

what is the law of three stages?

A
  1. theological
  2. metaphysical
  3. positive
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9
Q

what is the theological stage?

A

religious outlook - the world is an expression of God

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10
Q

what is the metaphysical stage?

A

period of questioning/challenging (teachings of the church)

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11
Q

what is the positive stage?

A

rules of observation/experimentation

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12
Q

who is Emile Durkheim?

A
  • father of sociology
  • sociological study of suicide
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13
Q

what are the 4 types of suicide according to Emile Durkheim?

A
  1. egoistic
  2. altruistic
  3. anomic
  4. fatalistic
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14
Q

according to Emile Durkheim, what explains the patterns he found during his study of suicide?

A

social integration

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15
Q

what is integration?

A

the process by which separate groups are combined into a unified society

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16
Q

what is egoistic suicide?

A

due to a feeling of isolation (lack of social integration)

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17
Q

what is altruistic suicide?

A

due to a feeling of too much integration

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18
Q

what is anomic suicide?

A

due to a feeling of a lack of regulation

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19
Q

what is fatalistic suicide?

A

due to a feeling of too much regulation

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20
Q

what is positivism/scientific method?

A
  • considers all understanding to be based on science
  • singular explanation
21
Q

what is antipositivism?

A

considers knowledge and understanding to be the result of human subjectivity

22
Q

what is quantitative sociology?

A
  • measurable behaviour
  • tends to be positivist in nature
23
Q

what is qualitative sociology?

A
  • non-measurable behaviours
  • anti-positivist in nature
24
Q

what is enlightenment?

A

power by which humans understand the universe and improve their own condition

25
Q

why was the political revolution important?

A

for the promotion of individual rights and social responsibility

26
Q

why was the industrial revolution important?

A
  • rise of factories
  • profound social changes (resulting in new social problems)
27
Q

what is macrosociology?

A

understanding society as a whole

28
Q

what is microsociology?

A

looks at small interactions between individual/small group dynamics

29
Q

what is the global perspective?

A
  • societies increasingly interconnected
  • where we live shapes the lives we live
  • problems we face are worse elsewhere
  • thinking globally helps us learn more about ourselves
30
Q

what is the modern state?

A

a political unit with a defined border, population, government and soverignty

31
Q

how did industrialization change working lives?

A
  • new sources of power (non-animal)
  • centralization of work
  • mass production
  • specialization
  • wage labour (exchange work for labour)
32
Q

what is anomie?

A

a state of normlessness that results from the lack of clear goals and creates feelings of confusion that may result in higher suicide rates

33
Q

what are the four ideal types of social actions?

A
  1. traditional social action
  2. affective social action
  3. value rational social action
  4. instrumental-rational social action
34
Q

what is the social action theory?

A
  • an act which takes into account the actions and reactions of individuals
  • founded by Max Weber
35
Q

what is structural functionalism?

A

sociological theory that attempts to explain why society functions the way it does by focusing on the relationships various social institutions that make up society

36
Q

what is the conflict theory?

A

argues that human behaviour in social context results from conflicts between competing groups

37
Q

what is symbolic interactionalism?

A

focuses on social behaviour that uses linguistic or gestural communication and its subjective information

38
Q

what is the 1st wave of feminism?

A

focused on issues affecting women, mainly concerns of privileged white women

39
Q

what is the 2nd wave of feminism?

A

era of social change issues and fought for equality

40
Q

what is the 3rd wave of feminism?

A

emphasis on difference among women (intersectionality)

41
Q

what is post-modernism?

A

questioning of ideas/values associated with the form of modernism that believes in progress and innovation

42
Q

what is post-structural theory?

A
  • reject structuralism
  • critical of the enlightenment view that scientific thinking is key to human freedom
  • scientific knowledge is connected to power
43
Q

what is structuralism?

A
  • there is a single truth or meaning
  • there is objective reality
  • they search for universal truths and rules that govern meaning
44
Q

what is post-colonial theory?

A

focuses on the political and cultural effects of colonialism, imperialism and orientalism

45
Q

what is imperialism?

A

policy of extending a country’s power/influence through diplomacy or military force

46
Q

what is orientalism?

A

scholarship, learning or study in Asian subjects or languages

47
Q

what is ahistoricism?

A

lack of concern for history, historical development or traditions

48
Q

what is globalization?

A

growing interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures and populations brought by cross-border trade in goods/services

49
Q

why is globalization important in sociology?

A

people or societies are tolerant of other people/societies, ways of life, values, etc.

soc 101 (1 decks)

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