midterm review

Question 1

abstraction

Answer 1

one of the key concepts of object-oriented programming (OOP) languages. Its main goal is to handle complexity by hiding unnecessary details from the user.

Question 2

real value

Answer 2

data type used in a computer program to represent an approximation of a real number.

Question 3

event driven

Answer 3

a software architecture paradigm promoting the production, detection, consumption of, and reaction to events.

Question 4

hardware

Answer 4

the computer’s tangible components or delivery systems that store and run the written instructions provided by the software.

Question 5

software

Answer 5

a generic term used to refer to applications, scripts and programs that run on a device.

Question 6

CPU

Answer 6

electronic machinery that carries out instructions from programs that allows a computer or other device to perform its tasks.

Question 7

GPU

Answer 7

Graphics processing unit, a specialized processor originally designed to accelerate graphics rendering

Question 8

storage

Answer 8

where you save files permanently.

Question 9

RAM

Answer 9

memory that is essentially short term memory where data is stored as the processor needs it.

Question 10

And gate

Answer 10

an electrical circuit that combines two signals so that the output is on if both signals are present.

Question 11

Or gate

Answer 11

digital logic gate that implements logical disjunction.

Question 12

machine language

Answer 12

any low-level programming language, consisting of machine language instructions, which are used to control a computer’s central processing unit.

Question 13

refactoring

Answer 13

the process of restructuring existing computer code—changing the factoring—without changing its external behavior.

Question 14

cloud computing

Answer 14

the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage and computing power, without direct active management by the user

Question 15

internet

Answer 15

worldwide system of computer networks – a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer (and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers).

Question 16

WWW

Answer 16

an information system enabling documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet

Question 17

algorithms

Answer 17

a finite sequence of rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation

Question 18

pseudocode

Answer 18

plain language description of the steps in an algorithm or another system.

Question 19

sequencing algorithms

Answer 19

the specific order in which instructions are performed

Question 20

selection algorithms

Answer 20

is used for finding the kth smallest (or largest) number in a list or an array.

Question 21

iterations

Answer 21

the repetition of a process

Question 22

Random events

Answer 22

An event with a probability of occurrence determined by some probability distribution.

Question 23

Mod

Answer 23

The remainder that is left over when a number is divided by another.

Question 24

ascii character

Answer 24

a standard data-encoding format for electronic communication between computers

Question 25

lossy

Answer 25

reduces file size by permanently removing some of the original data.

Question 26

lossless

Answer 26

reduces file size by removing unnecessary metadata.

Question 27

parody

Answer 27

cybercrime that happens when someone impersonates a trusted contact or brand, pretending to be someone you trust in order to access sensitive personal information.